A Comprehensive Literature Review on On-The-Go Electric Vehicle Charging Systems

Abstract

The growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) demands advanced charging technologies that eliminate range anxiety and reduce dependence on static charging infrastructure. This literature review explores the development of On-The-Go EV charging systems based on Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) technology. By embedding transmitter coils beneath road surfaces and integrating receiver coils in vehicles, DWPT enables continuous power transfer while the vehicle is in motion. This paper discusses existing research, standards, and prototypes, identifies the technological and infrastructural challenges, and highlights opportunities for future advancements in sustainable and intelligent transportation systems

Introduction

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a key solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel dependence. However, challenges such as long charging times, limited range, and stationary charging requirements restrict their large-scale adoption. To overcome these issues, the Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) system has been introduced, enabling on-the-go wireless charging through magnetic resonance coupling between coils embedded in roads (transmitters) and those mounted on vehicles (receivers). Operating around 85 kHz, this system provides continuous power transfer while vehicles are in motion, improving efficiency and promoting the concept of smart transportation networks.

Literature Review

Research on DWPT is based on resonant inductive coupling, as demonstrated by Kurs et al., allowing efficient mid-range energy transfer. Standards like SAE J2954 ensure system compatibility and safety. Real-world trials in Japan, Sweden, and the U.S. have proven the feasibility of DWPT for buses and logistics vehicles. Companies such as Electreon and Toyota have conducted pilot projects to test high-efficiency dynamic charging.
Key research areas include energy efficiency optimization, electromagnetic safety, coil alignment, segment-based road activation, and integration with communication protocols (ISO 15118) for vehicle-to-infrastructure interaction. Advanced technologies like silicon carbide (SiC) electronics and adaptive resonance control enhance stability, while integration with renewable energy promotes sustainability.

Challenges and Research Gaps

Despite progress, several obstacles remain for large-scale DWPT implementation:

• High infrastructure costs due to embedded coils and power electronics.

• Coil alignment issues during vehicle motion affecting power efficiency.

• Electromagnetic field (EMF) safety and foreign object detection must comply with ICNIRP and IEEE C95.1 standards.

• Lack of standardization and interoperability across EV manufacturers.

• Need for renewable grid integration, dynamic billing systems, and IoT-based monitoring for intelligent transport management.

Conclusion

On- The- Go EV charging represents a transformative step toward achieving sustainable mobility through nonstop energy transfer. This literature review highlights the advancements in DWPT technology, its functional mechanisms, and its integration with smart structure. While promising, unborn sweats must concentrate on reducing structure costs, icing system safety, and enhancing interoperability to realize its eventuality in smart metropolises and roadways. The combination of advanced accoutrements, effective power transformers, and IoT- grounded control systems will be crucial in enabling the coming generation of intelligent electric transportation.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Prof. S. A. Shinde, Ms. Srushti Bhima Akiwate, Ms. Neha Kiran Kawade, Ms. Sanika Dilip Mali, Ms. Ankita Ramesh Morade. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.