An Experimental Study on Marshall Properties of Bituminous Concrete Mix Prepared Using E-Waste and GGBS(as Filler)

Abstract

Bituminous roads are defined as the roads in the construction of which bitumen is used as binder. It consists of an intimate mixture of aggregates, mineral filler and bitumen. The quality and durability of bituminous road is influenced by the type and amount of filler material is used. The filler tends to stiffen the asphaltic cement by getting finely dispersed in it. Various materials such as cement, lime, granite powder, stone dust and fine sand are normally used as filler in bituminous mixes. Cement, lime and granite powder are expensive and used for other purposes more effectively. Fine sand, ash, waste concrete dust and brick dust finer than 0.075 mm sieve size appear to be suitable as filler material. The use of waste powder as filler in asphalt mixture has been the focus of several research efforts over the past few years. Phosphate waste filler Jordanian oil shale fly ash, bag house fines recycled waste lime, municipal solid waste incineration ash and waste ceramic materials have been investigated as filler. It was proved that these types of recycled filler could be used in asphalt mixture and gave improved performance. So the present study has been taken in order to investigate the behaviour of bituminous mixes with different types of filler materials locally available.

Introduction

Viscosity Grade (VG) Bitumen is a paving-grade bitumen derived from vacuum distillation of crude oil, primarily used in road construction and hot mix asphalt production. Its viscoelastic nature allows it to adapt to temperature and loading conditions, making it effective in forming durable, flexible pavements. VG Bitumen is graded by its viscosity at 60°C, with standard grades including VG-10, VG-20, VG-30, and VG-40. VG-30 was used in this study, sourced from HINCOL Mangalore.

Study Objectives

• Assess physical properties of aggregates and VG-30 bitumen.

• Determine optimum bitumen content via Marshall Method.

• Evaluate the effects of GGBS (2%) as filler and E-waste as partial aggregate replacement on mix performance.

• Compare the properties of conventional vs. non-conventional bituminous mixes.

• Estimate the cost of 1 km of road construction using this modified mix.

Materials Used

• Aggregates: Clean, hard rock with acceptable impact, abrasion, and water absorption values as per MoRTH specs.

• Binder: VG-30 bitumen showing good penetration, softening point, ductility, and thermal stability.

• Filler: GGBS (2%), passing 0.075 mm sieve, sourced from Raichur Thermal Power Plant.

• E-Waste: Recycled electronic components (e.g., from mobiles, computers) used as replacement for 4.75 mm size aggregate.

Methodology

• Gradation: Adopted Grade-II as per MoRTH 2001 standards.

• Marshall Method: Used to determine mix stability, flow, bulk density, air voids, VMA, and VFB.

• Four bitumen contents tested (4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%) to find optimum content based on stability, density, and voids.

Results

• Optimum Bitumen Content with GGBS: 5.38%.

• Marshall Stability: 2740 kg (well above minimum of 1200 kg).

• Flow: 3.01 mm (within 2.5–4.0 mm range).

• Air Voids: 4.48% (acceptable).

• Other parameters like bulk density (2.342 g/cc), VMA (15.96%), and VFB (71.93%) also met performance standards.

Conclusion

1) The physical properties of aggregates satisfy the requirements as per Table 500-17 of MoRT&H (IV revision) specification. 2) The physical properties of VG30(Viscosity Grade Bitumen VG-30) satisfy the requirements as per IRC SP-53 2010. 3) The Marshall Properties of Bituminous Concrete Mix prepared using E-waste and GGBS has satisfied the results as per MoRT&H Specification 4th revision. 4) The Marshall Properties of Bituminous Concrete Mix prepared using E-waste and GGBS are superior when compared to Conventional BC mix. 5) Based on experimental work carried out on BC mix prepared using E-waste and GBBS ,the Marshall properties are found to be superior when compared to normal BC mix.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Soubhagya S. B., Siddaraju N. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.