An Overview of Total Quality Management Tools and Techniques on Construction Projects

Abstract

The role of construction quality and continuous improvement is vital in the development of construction industry of growing nations. Construction quality and regular improvement is linked with the adoption of quality management systems in construction companies. This paper shows the importance of TQM (Total Quality Management) and presents the benefits of TQM gained by construction organizations in worldwide construction sector. It examines the current practices and process of execution of TQM in construction sector of India. The study also identifies the barriers in adoption of TQM and advantages of implementing TQM in construction sector of India. And will also provide a simple framework for small and medium scale firms to implement TQM. In the end, the paper presents some suggestions and steps for the implementation of TQM in construction companies of India. The findings and recommendations of the study are not only beneficial for the construction sector of India but also these will be helpful to other developing countries having similar scenarios.

Introduction

The construction sector is a major industry essential for infrastructure development, employment, and economic growth but faces challenges like high costs, tight deadlines, and quality issues. Total Quality Management (TQM) offers a systematic approach to improve quality, productivity, and customer satisfaction in construction by focusing on continuous improvement, better communication, and resource management.

Despite its benefits, TQM is not fully implemented in many construction projects due to barriers such as resistance to change, poor training, weak management support, and underutilization of modern tools like Lean Construction, BIM, and Six Sigma. TQM also promotes safer work environments by reducing accidents through proactive quality and safety measures.

A literature review highlights that TQM practices—like quality supervision, material procurement, and site management—can reduce structural failures and enhance competitiveness. Challenges in TQM adoption include lack of benchmarking, employee resistance, poor communication, and insufficient resources.

A survey of construction professionals revealed strong agreement on TQM's positive impact on project quality, defect reduction, rework cost savings, and client satisfaction. However, challenges remain in training availability, management commitment, and resistance to change. The study emphasizes the importance of TQM for improving construction project outcomes and suggests that addressing implementation barriers can enhance its effectiveness.

Conclusion

The survey findings clearly indicate that Total Quality Management (TQM) strategies have a positive and measurable impact on the quality, cost efficiency, and stakeholder satisfaction in construction projects. High mean scores for statements such as \"Improved project quality standards\" (4.39), \"Understanding of roles\" (4.32), and \"Reduced construction defects\" (4.32) demonstrate that TQM principles are not only recognized but are also being effectively practiced in many areas of the construction sector. However, the data also reveals critical challenges that must be addressed to fully realize the benefits of TQM. Issues like inadequate training resources, insufficient top management commitment, and resistance to changing traditional practices scored lower, signaling barriers to effective implementation. These findings suggest the need for greater emphasis on education and training, leadership involvement, and change management strategies. Modern quality management tools such as Lean Construction, Building Information Modeling (BIM), and Six Sigma are gaining traction but still require broader adoption and integration into standard practice.

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Copyright © 2025 Sanket Akhade , Mr. R. D. Shinde. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.