Arduino-based Single Phase AC Voltage Measurement with Under Voltage Protection

Abstract

This project focuses on the development of an Arduino-based system for measuring single-phase AC voltage and providing under-voltage protection. The system uses a voltage sensor to monitor the AC voltage level and an Arduino microcontroller to process the data. When the voltage falls below a pre-set threshold, indicating under-voltage conditions, the system activates a relay to disconnect the load, preventing potential damage to connected equipment. The user can adjust the threshold voltage according to their requirements, providing flexibility in various applications. The system also includes real¬time voltage monitoring, which can be displayed on an LCD screen for easy access. The combination of voltage measurement, under-voltage detection, and protection ensures that sensitive devices are safeguarded from potential electrical issues. This Arduino-based solution offers a cost-effective and reliable method for improving electrical safety and equipment longevity in resi¬dential and industrial settings.

Introduction

This research presents an Arduino-based single-phase AC voltage measurement system with under-voltage protection designed to safeguard electrical equipment from damage caused by voltage fluctuations, especially under-voltage conditions. The system uses a ZMPT101B voltage sensor to monitor AC voltage in real-time. When the voltage drops below a user-configurable threshold, the Arduino microcontroller triggers a solid-state relay (SSR) to disconnect the load, preventing damage. An LCD display provides real-time voltage readings, and a buzzer alerts users to under-voltage events. A reset function allows the system to restart after faults are resolved.

The methodology involves continuous voltage sensing, processing by the Arduino, and activation of protection mechanisms when necessary. The system was tested successfully, reliably detecting voltage drops below 210V and responding by cutting power and issuing alerts. While effective, future improvements could include adding over-voltage protection, customizable thresholds, and enhanced user interfaces. Overall, this cost-effective and scalable system offers a practical solution for voltage monitoring and protection in residential and industrial settings.

Conclusion

The Arduino-based single-phase AC voltage measurement and under-voltage protection system offers a cost-effective and reliable solution for monitoring and safeguarding electrical equipment. The integration of real-time voltage monitoring, user-adjustable thresholds, and automatic protection ensures that sensitive devices are protected from the harmful effects of under-voltage conditions. This system can be used in both residential and industrial settings, offering enhanced electrical safety and operational stability. Future developments may include wireless monitoring, integration with IoT platforms, and additional safety features.

References

[1] DD Tung, NM Khoa, “An Arduino-based system for monitoring and pro¬tecting overvoltage and undervoltage,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Technology, 2018. [2] MA Sarder, M Rahman, MN Mostakim, “A prototype of AC voltage measurement and over under voltage protector using Arduino,” Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 456-467, 2019. [3] DA Asoh, LN Chia, “Design and implementation of an automatic over/undervoltage protection system for single-phase low voltage power lines,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 3568-3575, 2017. [4] MF Kotb, MM El-Saadawi, EH El-Desouky, “Design of over/under voltage protection relay using Arduino Uno for FREEDM system,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1922-1930, 2020. [5] MABM Ayub, MR Shaharuddin, “Over voltage and under voltage protec¬tion system using IoT,” International Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 88-97, 2021.

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Sujal Jawale , Sagar Kharade , Ajay Kare , Kiran Gagare, Siddhesh Desai. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.