A Comparative Study to Assess Stress and Stressors among Primi and Multigravida High Risk Mothers Attending the Selected Hospitals of West Bengal

Abstract

A descriptive study was conducted to assess stress and stressors among primi and multigravida high risk mothers attending the selected hospitals of west Bengal . The objective of the study was to assess stress and stressors among primi and Multigravida high risk mothers. The conceptual framework adopted for the study was based on Lazarus and Folkman model of stress. About 100 antenatal mothers were selected as samples by non probability purposive sampling technique to collect the data. Valid reliable Semi structured interview schedule and Standardized perceived stress scale (Sheldon cohen) were used for data collection. The result showed that majority12 (24%) multigravida mothers had severe stress. Medical problem like thyroid, anaemia and obstetrical problem like abortion (more than once), caesarean section, social aspect- non co-operation of husband, all are the stressors. The computed ‘t’ value (5.53) of stress of primi and multigravida high risk mother was found greater than the table value at 98 df at 0.05 level of significance. So multigravida high risk mothers suffered more stress than the primi high risk mothers. There was association between stress and stressors of primi and multigravida mothers at 0.05 level of significant. The study had important implication in various field of nursing which paves the way for further research. Based on this study a similar study can be done on large sample.

Introduction

The text focuses on stress and stressors experienced by high-risk antenatal mothers, comparing primigravida (first-time pregnant) and multigravida women. Pregnancy, while often a time of joy, can also bring fear, anxiety, and significant psychological and physical stress, especially in high-risk conditions where maternal or fetal health may be threatened. High-risk pregnancies are associated with increased chances of complications, morbidity, and mortality, making early identification and proper care essential.

Research shows that a significant proportion of pregnant women experience antenatal stress, anxiety, and depression, which can negatively affect both maternal well-being and fetal outcomes such as low birth weight, preterm labor, and developmental complications. Stressors commonly include financial difficulties, health problems during pregnancy, household responsibilities, lack of social or partner support, previous obstetric complications, and medical conditions. Studies cited indicate that stress levels vary by age, education, income, gravida status, and living conditions, with higher stress often observed during the first and third trimesters.

The need for the study arises from the high prevalence of maternal stress, particularly among high-risk mothers, and its serious health implications. In India, maternal mortality remains a significant concern, much of which is preventable with better antenatal care and psychosocial support. Despite this, limited comparative research exists on stress and stressors among primigravida and multigravida high-risk mothers, especially in the context of West Bengal.

The study proposes a comparative descriptive design to assess and compare stress levels and stressors among primigravida and multigravida high-risk mothers attending selected hospitals in West Bengal. Its objectives include assessing stress and stressors, comparing the two groups, and identifying associations between stress and demographic variables. Stress is measured using a standardized perceived stress scale, while stressors are identified based on mothers’ self-reports.

The conceptual framework is based on Lazarus and Folkman’s Stress and Coping Model, which views stress as a result of interaction between environmental stressors and individual cognitive appraisal. Pregnancy and high-risk conditions act as precipitating factors, while demographic, medical, obstetric, and social factors serve as predisposing factors. The framework explains how mothers perceive, appraise, and respond to stress during the antenatal period.

Conclusion

The aim of the study assess the level of stress and stressors among primi and multigravida mothers. Antenatal stress is a serious problem. In present antenatal mothers there the majority 31(62%) of primi high risk mothers had mild level stress and majority 24 (48%) had moderate level stress of multigravida mothers. and 12 (24%) multigravida had the severe stress. Multigravida high risk mothers stress found greater than the primi high risk mothers during antenatal period .So proper assessment and counselling and family support needed of them. So multigravida high risk mothers suffered more stress than the primi high risk mothers Antenatal stress there are some stressors i.e medical disorder, Abortion, post cesarean section, still birth, preterm labour, co –operation of husband , happiness of family members. By understanding the stressors and Identifying and treating these problem is important in preventing postpartum depression. Early identification and treatment of antenatal stress may improve pregnancy outcomes and healthcare providers need to be sensitive to the risk factors for stress and strengthen the women’s skill in scoping with stress to improve their emotional health. Future research in this area is needed, Which will clearly elucidate the potential long term impact of stress during pregnancy and associated risk factors, so as to help professionals identify vulnerable groups for early detection, diagnosis, and providing counseling for stress during pregnancy.

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Copyright © 2025 Rina Roy, Tripti Bairagi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.