Automated Light System Using IOT

Abstract

The proposed project focuses on developing an Automated Light System Using IOT designed to enhance energy efficiency by controlling lighting based on human motion. The system utilizes a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor to detecthumanpresence. Whenmotionisdetected,thelightwillautomaticallyturnon.Thesystemoperateswith both AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current) power sources and is controlled via an Arduino microcontroller, ensuring seamless automation. The integration of jumper wires allows easy connection of components such as the relay, bulb, PIR sensor, and AC power circuit. This automated lighting solution eliminates the need for manual control, offering an efficient method for energy conservation. The project demonstrates how basic sensors and an Arduino microcontroller can be combined to create an Automated light system using IOT that supports energy efficiency without the need for environmental light conditions to influence the system\'s operation.

Introduction

Overview

This project addresses global energy waste due to human negligence (e.g., leaving lights on) by creating a hardware-based automated lighting system using the Internet of Things (IoT). It uses a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor to detect motion and an Arduino microcontroller to control a light bulb via a relay module. When motion is detected, the light turns on; when no motion is detected for a set period, it turns off automatically.

Key Components & Functions

• Arduino: Processes motion input from the PIR sensor and sends control signals to the relay.

• PIR Sensor: Detects human presence via infrared radiation.

• Relay: Allows the low-voltage Arduino to safely control the high-voltage AC bulb.

• Bulb: The output device that provides light.

• AC/DC Power: AC powers the bulb; DC powers the control circuit (Arduino and sensor).

• IoT Integration: Though not fully explored, the system can be enhanced for remote control via platforms like ESP8266/ESP32.

Methodology

1. Hardware Setup: Components (PIR, relay, bulb, Arduino) are wired together.

2. Software Programming: Written in C++ using the Arduino IDE to detect motion and control timing for switching lights.

3. Testing & Calibration: Fine-tuning sensor sensitivity and delay for optimal user experience and energy saving.

Benefits

• Energy Efficiency: Reduces unnecessary lighting, saving electricity and costs.

• Cost-Effective: Built using affordable, widely available components.

• User-Friendly: Automatic operation eliminates the need for manual switching.

• Reliable: Works effectively indoors regardless of ambient light conditions.

Literature Review Insights

Previous research confirms the effectiveness of IoT, PIR sensors, and microcontrollers (Arduino, ESP32) in building energy-efficient lighting systems. Integration of sensors and automation significantly reduces power consumption and enhances sustainability.

Results

• System reliably turned the light on/off based on motion.

• Performed well across multiple indoor scenarios.

• Excluded light-sensing (e.g., LDRs) without affecting performance.

• Demonstrated smooth operation and consistent logic execution.

Conclusion

The Automated Lighting System Using IoT has successfullyshown how lighting can be controlled in a simple and efficient way using human motion. By using a PIR sensor, Arduino microcontroller, and relay module, the system automaticallyturnsthelightonwhensomeoneispresentandoffwhennooneisaround.Itdoesnotneedanymanual switch or light sensor to work. This helps save electricity and reduces wastage. The system is easy to set up, affordable,andworkswellinplaceslikerooms,hallways,andentranceswherelightsareoftenleftonunnecessarily. In the future, this system can be improved by adding IoT features such as remote control through a mobile app or website.Moresmartfeatureslikedatatracking,usagereports,orvoicecontrolusingplatformslikeAlexaorGoogle Assistantcanalsobeadded.Thesystemcanbeexpandedwithmoresensorstocoverlargerareasormadesmarter by using machine learning to understand people’s habits and adjust the lighting automatically. With these improvements,thesystemcanbeusednotjustinhomes,butalsoinbiggerplaceslikesmartbuildings and factories to save more energy and improve automation.With more time, the software can be improved to include security with using the cloud concept is our original after thought to programming the software[13].

References

[1] A.Sharma,P.Mehta,R.Desai,andS.Iyer,“IoT-BasedSmartLightingSystem,”inProc.Int.Conf.onEmerging Trends in Electronics and IoT, 2021. [2] R. Kumar and S. Gupta, “Automatic Room Light Controller using Arduino,” Int. J. of Eng. Research and Applications, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 45–49, 2020. [3] M. Patil and N. Verma, “Smart Lighting System using LDR and PIR with IoT,” in Proc. Natl. Conf. on Smart Technologies, 2022. [4] S. Roy and K. Mishra, “Home Automation using Arduino and IoT,” Int. J. of Computer Applications, vol. 182, no. 20, pp. 22–25, 2019. [5] P. Singh and L. Jadhav, “EnergyEfficient Lighting System using IoT,” in Proc. Int. Conf. on Sustainable Smart Cities, 2023. [6] G.Sharma,S.R.Patil,andM.S.Joshi,“DesignandImplementationofIoT-BasedSmartStreetLightingSystem,” Journal of Electrical Systems, vol. 19, no.2, pp.45–52, 2023.

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Ms. S. H. Chaflekar, Shubham N. Pal, Nishant R. Jadhao, Prashil V. Lanje, Vinayak S. Purme, Yash B. Raut. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.