Bio-Enzyme Treated Mud Mortar: A Sustainable Approach for Construction

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials has led to the exploration of alternative building techniques. Bio-enzyme treated mud mortar is an innovative and sustainable approach that enhances the properties of traditional mud mortar using naturally derived enzymes. This paper discusses the advantages, preparation methods, and potential applications of bio-enzyme treated mud mortar in modern construction. The rapid pace of urbanization and construction has placed significant stress on natural resources and the environment. The conventional cement-based mortars, though strong and durable, are associated with high carbon emissions and resource consumption. This research investigates the potential of bio-enzyme treated mud mortar as an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative to traditional mortars. Bio-enzymes, produced by fermenting organic materials such as orange peels, banana peels, jaggery, and yeast, were applied to mud mortar mixes. The study focused on assessing the mechanical and durability properties including compressive strength, water absorption, shrinkage, and erosion resistance. An environmental life cycle assessment and cost analysis were also conducted to evaluate feasibility. Experimental results revealed that the bio-enzyme treated samples demonstrated significantly improved compressive strength (up to 3.05 MPa), reduced water absorption (down by 35%), and minimal shrinkage. These findings support the viability of bio-enzyme stabilization for sustainable construction, particularly in rural and low-income housing sectors.

Introduction

Mud mortar, a traditional building material made from soil and water mixed with natural fibers (like coconut coir or jute), has been widely used especially in rural and low-income areas due to its availability and affordability. However, its limited strength and durability restrict its use in modern construction. To address this, bio-enzymes—natural catalysts derived from plant extracts or microbial fermentation—are being explored as eco-friendly stabilizers to enhance mud mortar properties.

Bio-enzymes improve soil compaction, cohesion, tensile strength, and water resistance by altering soil chemistry, reducing permeability, and breaking down organic matter. When combined with soil, water, and natural fibers, bio-enzyme treated mud mortar becomes stronger, more durable, and environmentally sustainable compared to traditional cement-based mortars. This results in lower carbon emissions, better thermal insulation, less shrinkage and cracking, and no harmful effects on human health.

The material is especially suitable for sustainable construction in rural housing, heritage restoration, eco-friendly architecture, and sensitive ecological zones. Despite its benefits, challenges such as standardization, long-term durability data, and wider acceptance remain.

The study investigates the mechanical performance, durability, and water resistance of bio-enzyme stabilized mud mortar, using soil samples treated with lab-made bio-enzymes (from fermented orange peels, banana peels, jaggery, and yeast) mixed with sand and coconut coir. Tests conducted include compressive strength, water absorption, erosion resistance, and shrinkage analysis.

Previous literature shows bio-enzymes significantly improve soil strength and stability, making them a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to chemical stabilizers in construction and road building.

Conclusion

This study will contribute to sustainable construction by developing bio-enzyme stabilized mud mortar as a viable alternative to traditional mortars. It will address both structural performance and environmental sustainability, promoting the use of natural stabilizers in eco-friendly building materials. By creating bio-enzyme stabilised mud mortar as a competitive substitute for conventional mortars, this research will support environmentally friendly building practices. By encouraging the use of natural stabilisers in environmentally friendly construction materials, it will address both structural performance and environmental sustainability. Bio-enzyme treated mud mortar presents a promising sustainable alternative to conventional building materials. Its environmental benefits, affordability, and improved mechanical properties make it a viable choice for future construction practices. Adoption of this technology can contribute to greener, more sustainable infrastructure development worldwide.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Er. Rizwan Ul Haq Bashir, Er. Aadil Manzoor. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.