Biological Properties of Jasminum Mesnyi Using Copper Nanoparticles

Abstract

The medicinal plant Jasminum mesnyi, or Japanese primrose jasmine, has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Discoveries of plant-based nanoparticles with enhanced biocompatibility and bioactivity have been made possible by recent developments in nanotechnology. In this work, we use a green synthesis method to create copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) from Jasminum mesnyi leaf extract. We next characterize and test these CuNPs in living organisms. The traditional technique of nanoparticle manufacturing often involves the use of harmful chemicals; however, this eco-friendly approach uses the phytochemicals found in Jasminum mesnyi as natural reducing and stabilizing agents. Several analytical techniques were used to characterize the synthesized CuNPs. These included transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for size and morphology determination, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural assessment, optical property analysis with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, functional group analysis with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and more. The findings validated the production of stable, monodispersed CuNPs that exhibited ideal physicochemical characteristics that were well-suited for use in biomedicine. A battery of tests was used to determine the CuNPs\' biological characteristics. Disc diffusion testing revealed significant inhibitory effects when applied to gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging tests, which demonstrated a strong ability to neutralize free radicals. Also, using MTT assays, we looked at how the CuNPs affected certain human cancer cell lines, and we found that they selectively killed cancer cells while having very little impact on healthy cells. According to the results, Jasminum mesnyi-mediated CuNPs might be a great option for antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer uses. A more secure substitute for chemically produced nanoparticles, the green synthesis process is both economical and environmentally benign; it is in line with sustainable nanotechnology principles. Future studies on bioactive nanomaterials may benefit from this work, which also adds to the expanding area of plant-based nanomedicine.

Introduction

Nanotechnology in Medicine and CuNPs:
Nanotechnology has revolutionized science, particularly in biotechnology and medicine. Among metal-based nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are of special interest due to their high stability, reactivity, and biological properties such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. However, traditional synthesis methods are energy-intensive and environmentally hazardous, prompting the rise of green synthesis, which uses plant extracts as eco-friendly reducing agents.

Jasminum mesnyi in Nanoparticle Synthesis:
Jasminum mesnyi (Primrose Jasmine), known for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties, is rich in bioactive compounds (flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, phenolics). These compounds aid not only in reducing and stabilizing CuNPs but also enhance their biological effectiveness. Green-synthesized CuNPs using this plant may serve as promising alternatives in nanomedicine.

Research Objectives:
The research focuses on synthesizing CuNPs using Jasminum mesnyi extracts (Jm-CuNPs) and evaluating their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The goal is to explore environmentally friendly and effective plant-based nanomaterials for therapeutic use.

Synthesis Mechanism and Parameters:
The green synthesis process relies on plant-derived compounds that act as reducing and stabilizing agents. Factors such as temperature, pH, precursor concentration, and extraction method affect the size, shape, and biological activity of CuNPs. During synthesis, metal ions are reduced, nucleated, grown, and stabilized by plant phytochemicals.

Biological Properties and Toxicity Considerations:
Though CuNPs exhibit strong biomedical potential, concerns remain regarding their toxicity to humans and the environment. Toxic effects on organs and cells in animal studies highlight the importance of careful synthesis and characterization to ensure safety and biocompatibility.

Green Synthesis vs. Traditional Methods:
Traditional methods (top-down and bottom-up) often require hazardous chemicals and complex machinery. In contrast, green synthesis is sustainable, cost-effective, and less toxic, using plant parts or microbes to produce nanoparticles. Phytochemicals like polyphenols and alkaloids are key players in this biogenic synthesis.

Conclusion

Jasminum mesnyi, when synthesized with copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), has tremendous promise for use in a wide range of biomedical, ecological, and industrial contexts, and this work delves deeply into those features. A green alternative to traditional chemical synthesis techniques, the synthesis of CuNPs using Jasminum mesnyi extract was determined to be a successful, eco-friendly, and sustainable strategy. Confirming their promise as potent agents in current nanomedicine, drug research, and disease therapy, the biofabricatedCuNPs demonstrated notable antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects. Notably, CuNPs mediated by Jasminum mesnyi exhibited remarkable antibacterial activities, showing strong inhibitory effects against several harmful microbes. As a result, they may play a part in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, an issue that is gaining attention across the world. Their capacity to prevent cellular damage caused by oxidative stress is further shown by their considerable antioxidant activity. As a result, they are promising therapeutic approaches for a range of chronic illnesses, including as cancer and neurological disorders. More research into the mechanisms of action and targeted delivery methods of these nanoparticles is warranted due to their cytotoxic capabilities against certain cancer cell lines, which highlight their potential in cancer treatment. The dual function of Jasminum mesnyi as a reducing and stabilizing agent in CuNP synthesis greatly improves the stability and bioactivity of the final nanoparticles. In line with worldwide efforts to lessen the ecological imprint of nanotechnology, this green synthesis method uses less harmful chemicals, making it a more sustainable and eco-friendly option. Furthermore, these biosynthesized CuNPs have low toxicity and are biocompatible, which means they may be safely used in pharmaceutical, medicinal, and agricultural applications. This work highlights the potential biological effects of CuNPs mediated by Jasminum mesnyi, but it also highlights the need for more research in a number of areas. The specific molecular pathways regulating their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects should be the subject of further investigation. To assess their therapeutic effectiveness, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and possible adverse effects in live creatures, extensive in vivo investigations are required. In addition, conducting clinical studies and large-scale manufacturing are essential steps towards transforming these discoveries into practical medicinal uses. The importance of natural resources in contemporary scientific progress is emphasized by this work, which adds to the expanding corpus of information on plant-mediated green nanotechnology. New opportunities for the use of CuNPs in fields as diverse as agriculture, environmental remediation, and medicine have arisen as a result of their effective synthesis and characterisation by Jasminum mesnyi. Future study and development of these biofabricated nanoparticles show enormous potential for improving sustainable nanotechnology methods, reshaping biomedical sciences, and tackling global health concerns.

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Prabhakar Poludasu, K. Suresh Babu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.