Abstract

Secure Lack of transparency and accountability in traditional charitable donation systems often results in donor mistrust and inefficient fund utilization. This paper proposes a blockchain-based donation tracking system that ensures secure, transparent, and immutable handling of charitable contributions. The system enables administrators to create verified fundraising events, upload authentication certificates, and define donation goals. Donations are processed through smart contracts and permanently recorded on a decentralized blockchain ledger. This eliminates data tampering, improves donor confidence, and enables real-time tracking of funds.

Introduction

Charitable organizations play a vital role in addressing humanitarian and social issues. However, traditional donation systems face major challenges, including:

• Limited transparency in fund usage

• Delayed tracking of donations

• Dependence on centralized authorities

• Lack of donor visibility and accountability

These issues reduce trust between donors and organizations.

To address these problems, the paper proposes a blockchain-based donation tracking system that ensures secure, transparent, and tamper-proof management of charitable funds using smart contracts and decentralized ledger technology.

1. Motivation and Background

Blockchain technology offers:

• Decentralization – No central authority controls the system

• Immutability – Transactions cannot be altered once recorded

• Transparency – Publicly verifiable transaction history

• Automation – Smart contracts execute predefined rules without intermediaries

Although previous blockchain donation platforms exist, many lack:

• Event authenticity verification

• Role-based access control

• Real-time fund utilization tracking

• Certificate authentication mechanisms

The proposed system integrates these missing components into a unified architecture.

2. Proposed Methodology

A. System Architecture

The system consists of three main layers:

1. User Interface (UI)

   • Allows administrators to create fundraising events

   • Enables donors to contribute and monitor donations

2. Web3 API Layer

   • Connects frontend to blockchain

   • Enables secure smart contract interaction

3. Blockchain Network

   • Maintains an immutable ledger

   • Stores all donation transactions permanently

This decentralized design ensures tamper resistance and transparency.

B. Smart Contract Design

Smart contracts handle core system logic:

• Fundraising event registration

• Donation processing

• Transaction recording

• Access control enforcement

Administrators must upload certificates to verify event authenticity before approval.
Once deployed, smart contracts operate autonomously and cannot be modified.

C. Donation Tracking Mechanism

Each donation includes:

• Donor wallet address

• Event ID

• Donation amount

• Timestamp

All transactions are permanently recorded on the blockchain, enabling:

• Real-time verification

• Public auditability

• Tamper-proof storage

D. Enhanced Security (EE-AES Encryption)

The system includes an encryption mechanism (EE-AES) featuring:

• Dynamic S-Box generation

• Bitwise Reverse Transposition

• Standard AES rounds

These enhancements improve confusion, diffusion, and resistance to cryptographic attacks while maintaining acceptable encryption/decryption times.

3. System Workflow

The workflow follows these steps:

1. Event Creation

   • Administrator registers a fundraising event

   • Uploads verification certificates

2. Verification

   • Only approved and authenticated events proceed

3. Smart Contract Execution

   • Defines rules for donations

   • Processes transactions

4. Blockchain Recording

   • Stores immutable transaction data

5. Real-Time Monitoring

   • Donors track contributions and event progress

This workflow ensures transparency, accountability, and trust.

4. Implementation and Evaluation

Phase I Results

Testing confirmed:

• Successful event registration

• Secure donation processing

• Immutable transaction storage

• Proper smart contract enforcement

• Acceptable transaction confirmation time

The decentralized architecture improved reliability and removed centralized control risks.

5. Issues and Resolutions

Issue 1: High Transaction Costs

Solution: Optimized smart contracts to reduce gas consumption.

Issue 2: Low User Familiarity with Blockchain

Solution: Designed a user-friendly interface to simplify interactions.

Issue 3: Event Authenticity Concerns

Solution: Enforced mandatory certificate verification before event approval.

6. System Evaluation

A. Functional Validation

• Events registered correctly

• Blockchain records matched original inputs

• Smart contracts executed accurately

B. Security Analysis

• Immutability: Prevents modification of transactions

• Access Control: Smart contracts block unauthorized actions

C. Transparency and Trust

• Public visibility of donation records

• Independent verification by donors

• Increased accountability

7. User Interface Layer

The platform includes a simplified interface allowing:

• Admins: Create/manage events, upload certificates, monitor donations

• Donors: View verified events, donate securely, track progress

Blockchain operations are handled internally through Web3 and smart contracts, ensuring secure and seamless user interaction.

Conclusion

This paper presented a blockchain-based donation tracking system designed to enhance transparency, accountability, and security in charitable fundraising. By leveraging blockchain immutability and smart contracts, the system ensures tamper-proof donation management and real-time fund tracking. Experimental results confirm that the proposed solution is secure, reliable, and suitable for real-world charitable applications.[1][6][9][13]

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2026 Akash T, Joshua Kurian, Tiswin Joy, Sooriyan AR, Ms. Vidya Y. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.