Blockchain-Based Management for Organ Donation and Transplantation

Abstract

Recentadvancementsinblockchaintechnologyhave openednewavenuesformanagingcriticalprocessessuchasorgan donation and transplantation. This paper presents a blockchain- based solution designed to overcome the limitations of tradi- tional centralized systems by enhancing transparency, security, and efficiency. Our approach utilizes the Hyperledger Fabric framework to create a permissioned blockchain network that supports controlled access among hospitals, government bodies, and other stakeholders. The prototype, deployed using Amazon ManagedBlockchainService,implementssmartcontractsand a user-friendly client interface. Performance is evaluated with Hyperledger Caliper under various test conditions, demonstrat- ing satisfactory transaction throughput and latency. This work laysthegroundworkforfurtherimprovementsinorgandonation systemswhile ensuringdata integrityand regulatorycompliance.

Introduction

Overview:
Organ donation relies on secure and efficient coordination between healthcare entities. Traditional centralized systems (e.g., UNOS, NOTTO) face security risks, inefficiencies, and lack of transparency. Blockchain—specifically, Hyperledger Fabric—offers a decentralized, secure, and flexible solution for managing organ donations.

Problems with Existing Systems:

• Centralized systems: Prone to data breaches and single points of failure.

• Ethereum-based blockchain systems: Face issues with high fees, sequential processing, and limited modularity.

Proposed System:

A Hyperledger Fabric-based organ donation system with the following objectives:

1. Enhanced security for sensitive patient/donor data.

2. Transparent recordkeeping via an immutable ledger.

3. Operational automation using smart contracts.

System Components:

• Peer Nodes: Operated by hospitals and government entities.

• Smart Contracts (Chaincode): Automate patient/donor registration, matching, and confirmations.

• Membership Service Provider (MSP): Manages identities and access control.

• Channels: Separate ledgers for hospitals and the central donation system.

Key Algorithms:

1. Register Patient/Donor: Ensures data uniqueness.

2. Find Matching Donors: Matches based on organ type, blood group, etc.

3. Confirm Match: Finalizes and logs the match.

Implementation Details:

• Backend: Node.js and Express.js with Hyperledger Fabric SDK.

• Frontend: EJS (Embedded JavaScript) for dynamic rendering.

• Deployment: Hosted on Amazon Managed Blockchain with secure RAFT consensus and SSL communication.

Performance Evaluation:

Using Hyperledger Caliper, two experiments showed the system can handle high transaction volumes with acceptable latency:

• Fixed Load Test: Up to 100 transactions/batch; read operations were much faster than create.

• Fixed Rate Test: System handled up to 800 TPS with increased latency for writes but maintained high read performance.

Comparative Analysis:

• Centralized Systems: Insecure and inflexible.

• Ethereum-based Systems: Limited scalability and customizability.

• Proposed System: Combines security, scalability, and modularity through a permissioned blockchain approach.

Conclusion

This paper presented a blockchain-based management sys- tem for organ donation and transplantation, leveraging Hy- perledgerFabrictocreateasecure,efficient,andtranspar- ent solution. The system effectively demonstrates improved performance under various workloads and offers significant advantages over traditional centralized and Ethereum-based models. Futureworkwillfocuson: 1) Extendingthefunctionalitiesoftheclientapplication. 2) Integrating real-time data analytics for better system monitoring. 3) Developing additional smart contract features for en- hanceddecision-makingduringdonor-recipientmatching.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Miss. Gayatri Bhusal, Mr. Pankaj Bidgar, Mr. Aashish Khairnar, Mr. Tushar Pandule, Prof. Rahinj P.L. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.