Dual Directional DC-DC Converter for Grid Integrated PV, Wind along with Battery System Based on Multi- Source Transformer

Abstract

The green power generation such as solar, wind can also meet the load profile. The goal is to tap the output from different sources using the combination of the PV solar, battery and wind using the power electronics converters system. Excess electricity is injected into grid which charges/discharge the battery when needed. PV solar generationand battery\'s cycling are employed by dual-directional buck-boost converter. Wind power is used by a transformer connected dual half bridge converter. A monophase phase inverter guarantees the converted output to the grid. This system disturbs with fewer number of converters and with just six power electronics switches by whose size and cost is minimized.The control of twol dc–dc converter for grid connected PV, wind and battery configuration based on multi source transformer connected has been addressed. The primary goal is while not compromising the fundamental requirement this system balances the supply as well as the load requirements, to optimize the distribution of energy from various inputs, to regulatethe supply from the green power sources that enhances stability and efficiency of the configuration. Thebidirectional dc-dc converter simulation for grid connected hybrid PV, wind and battery systems utilizing multi-sources input transformer and Simulink outputs are showcased on Matlab.

Introduction

Background & Motivation:
Rising power demand and pollution from conventional fuels drive the shift toward non-conventional, eco-friendly energy sources like solar and wind. Combining these into a hybrid system improves reliability and performance. Batteries are integrated for energy storage to address intermittent generation and supply power during low production or high demand periods.

System Overview:

• Hybrid system combines PV solar panels, wind turbines, and a battery.

• Energy is managed via a multi-source transformer and two-way bidirectional DC-DC converters to integrate, store, and supply power efficiently.

• The system uses a multi-input transformer topology (fully, partially, or non-isolated) to combine energy from solar, wind, and battery sources.

• A high-frequency isolation transformer provides galvanic isolation and voltage step-up.

• Power conversion stages include:

  • Bidirectional buck-boost converter for PV and battery management.

  • Transformer-coupled dual half-bridge boost converter for wind power harvesting.

  • Full-bridge inverter to connect and supply AC power to the grid.

Key Features:

• Reduces number of conversion stages and power electronics components (only six switches), enhancing system efficiency and compactness.

• Uses a dual DC-link system for flexible energy flow control.

• Controls battery charging/discharging based on power availability and demand.

• Ensures stable, uninterrupted power supply to the grid.

• Utilizes control strategies based on duty cycle modulation to balance power among sources and load.

• Magnetic coupling and multi-port transformer topology enable seamless integration of multiple sources without complexity increase.

Control and Operation:

• Power flows managed by equations balancing voltages and currents of PV, wind, battery, and grid.

• Switching states of converters (e.g., T3, T4) regulate energy transfer and storage.

• Simulation models developed in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate:

  • Power flow management.

  • Voltage and current behavior under varying source availability.

  • Effective response to changing solar or wind input conditions.

Conclusion

The suggested system \"dua`l directional dc-dc converter for grid integrated PV, wind along with battery systems based on multi-source transformer\" possesses a sophisticated integration to achieve the greatest amount of power from a renewable power source. The power conversion system assists in converting the necessary conditions. The suggested system possesses an easy modeling, uses fewer conversion systems and switches that makes it more comprehensible. It provides a stable and efficient operation without influencing the service of a battery. Power management technique is also witnessed among different sources. The organized system is illustrated in a MATLAB/Simulink and results are presented in this paper.

References

[1] F. Valenciana and P. F. Puleston, “Supervisor control for a stand-alone hybrid generation system usingwindandphotovoltaicenergy,”IEEETrans.EnergyConvers.,vol.20,no.2,pp.398-405,Jun. 2005. [2] C. Liu, K. T. Chau and X. Zhang, \"An efficient wind photovoltaic hybrid generation system using doubly excited permanent-magnet brushless machine,”IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 831-839, Mar. 2010. [3] W. Qi, J. Liu, X. Chen, and P. D. Christofides, “Supervisory predictive control of standalone wind/solar energy generation systems,” IEEE Trans. Control Sys. Tech., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 199-207, Jan. 2011. [4] F.Giraud and Z. M. Salameh,“Steady-state performance of a gridconnected rooftop hybrid wind- photovoltaic power system with battery storage,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-7, Mar. 2001. [5] S. K. Kim, J. H. Jeon, C. H. Cho, J. B. Ahn, and S. H. Kwon,“Dynamic modeling and control of a grid-connected hybrid generation system with versatile power transfer,”IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1677-1688, Apr. 2008. [6] M. Dali, J. Belhadj and X. Roboam,“Hybrid solar-wind system with battery storage operating in grid-connected and standalone mode: control and energy management experimental investigation,” Energy, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 2587-2595, June 2010. [7] W. Kellogg, M. Nehrir, G. Venkataramanan, and V. Gerez,“Generation unit sizing and cost analysis for stand alone wind, photovoltaic and hybrid wind/PV systems, ”IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 70-75, Mar. 1998. [8] L. Xu, X. Ruan, C. Mao, B. Zhang, and Y. Luo,“An improved optimal sizing method for wind-solar- battery hybrid power system,” IEEE Trans. Sustainable Enery., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 774785, Jul. 2013. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research Volume. 10, IssueNo.07, July-2018, Pages: 0801-0807 An Efficient Multi-Input Transformer Coupled Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Grid-Connected PV-Wind-Battery System [9] B. S. Borowy and Z. M. Salameh,“Dynamic response of a stand-alone wind energy conversion system with battery energy storage to a wind gust,”IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 73-78, Mar. 1997. [10] S. Bae and A. Kwasinski,“Dynamic modeling and operation strategy for a microgrid with wind and photovoltaic resources,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1867-1876, Dec. 2012. [11] C. W. Chen, C. Y. Liao, K. H. Chen and Y. M. Chen,“Modeling and controller design of a semi isolated multi input converter for a hybrid PV/wind power charger system,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 4843-4853, Sept. 2015. [12] M. H. Nehrir, B. J. LaMeres, G. Venkataramanan, V. Gerez, and L. A. Alvarado,“An approach to evaluate the general performance of stand-alone wind/photovoltaic generating systems,”IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 433-439, Dec. 2000. [13] W. M. Lin, C. M. Hong, and C. H. Chen,“Neural network-based MPPT control of a stand-alone hybrid power generation system,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 3571-3581, Dec. 2011. [14] F. Valenciaga, P. F. Puleston, and P. E. Battaiotto,“Power control of a solar/wind generation system without wind measurement: a passivity/sliding mode approach,”IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 501-507, Dec. 2003. [15] T. Hirose and H. Matsuo,“Standalone hybrid wind solar power generation system applying dump power control without dump load,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 988-997, Feb. 2012. [16] S. A. Daniel and N. A. Gounden,“A novel hybrid isolated generating system based on PV fed inverter assisted wind-driven induction generators,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 416- 422, Jun. 2004. [17] R. Wandhare and V. Agarwal, “Novel integration of a PV-wind energy system with enhanced effciency,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 3638-3649, Jul. 2015. [18] Z. Qian, O. A. Rahman, and I. Batarseh,“ An integrated four-Port DC/DC converter for renewable energy applications,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1877-1887 , July. 2010. [19] F. Nejabatkhah, S. Danyali, S. Hosseini, M. Sabahi, and S. Niapour,“Modeling and control of a new three-input DC-DC boost converter for hybrid PV/FC/battery power system,”IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 2309-2324, Feb. 2014. [20] Y. M. Chen, C. Cheng, and H. Wu,“Grid-connected hybrid PV / wind power generation system with improved DC bus voltage regulation strategy,” in Proc. of Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, (APEC), Texas, pp.1088-1094, Mar. 2006. [21] Yadav, V., Singh, B., & Verma, A. (2024). Robust control for improving performance of grid- synchronized solar PV-BES-wind based microgrid. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 64, 103677. [22] Mehdi, H. M., Azeem, M. K., & Ahmad, I. (2023). Artificial intelligence based nonlinear control of hybrid DC microgrid for dynamic stability and bidirectional power flow. Journal of Energy Storage, 58, 106333 [23] Kallel, R., & Boukettaya, G. (2022). An energy cooperative system concept of DC grid distribution and PV system for supplying multiple regional AC smart grid © 2024 IJSRET 1858 International Journal of Scientific Research & Engineering Trends Volume 10, Issue 5, Sept-Oct-2024, ISSN (Online): 2395-566X connected houses. Journal of Building Engineering, 56, 104737.

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Devi Sri G., Dr. K. Krishnaveni. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.