Dynamic Speed Monitoring and Reducing in Safety Zone

Abstract

This study presents an intelligent ESP32-based Smart Zone Detection Vehicle, designed to enhance road safety in critical zones such as schools, hospitals, and accident-prone areas. Traditional vehicles rely entirely on manual speed control, which often leads to overspeeding and potential hazards in sensitive zones. The proposed system leverages Bluetooth-based zone detection and real-time motor control to automatically reduce vehicle speed according to the detected zone. A 16×2 I2C LCD module provides visual feedback by displaying the current speed, reduced speed, and active zone, enabling better monitoring and driver awareness. The system is implemented using an ESP32 microcontroller, L293D motor driver, DC motors, and an LCD interface, ensuring efficient, scalable, and user-friendly operation. By integrating automated zone recognition and adaptive speed control, the vehicle demonstrates a proactive approach to road safety, providing a foundation for intelligent transportation systems and autonomous vehicle applications.

Introduction

The ESP32 Smart Zone Detection Vehicle is designed to enhance traffic safety in sensitive areas like schools, hospitals, and accident-prone zones. Traditional manual speed control is prone to human error, delayed reactions, and overspeeding, creating risks in such critical zones. Leveraging embedded systems, IoT, and Bluetooth-based sensing, the system automatically detects predefined zones and adjusts vehicle speed in real-time, reducing dependence on the driver and improving situational awareness.

System Overview:

• Zone Detection: Uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) scanning to identify nearby devices corresponding to specific zones. Detected MAC addresses are matched against a stored database, with priority rules applied if multiple zones are detected.

• Speed Control: The ESP32 generates PWM signals to the L293D motor driver, adjusting motor speed based on the active zone. Speed gradually returns to normal once the vehicle exits the zone or after a predefined duration.

• Visual Feedback: A 16×2 I2C LCD displays the current zone, original speed, and reduced speed, keeping both drivers and observers informed.

• System Optimization: Efficient BLE scanning, PWM motor control, timed zone duration management, and optimized LCD updates ensure low power consumption, smooth operation, and reliable real-time performance.

Results:
The system successfully demonstrates:

1. Real-time zone detection using Bluetooth.

2. Adaptive, smooth speed control according to the detected zone.

3. Clear visual feedback for driver and observer awareness.

4. Enhanced safety in critical zones by reducing overspeeding risks.

5. Efficient, robust operation with simultaneous scanning, motor control, and display updates.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates an ESP32-based Smart Zone Detection Vehicle that enhances road safety by automatically detecting critical zones and adjusting vehicle speed in real-time. By integrating Bluetooth-based zone recognition, PWM-controlled motor operation, and a 16×2 I2C LCD for visual feedback, the system ensures context-aware speed management and immediate driver awareness. The proposed vehicle reduces human error in sensitive areas such as schools, hospitals, and accident-prone zones, providing a practical solution for proactive traffic safety. Experimental results indicate reliable zone detection, smooth speed transitions, and accurate visual feedback, confirming the system’s efficiency and robustness.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 N. Jiyaudeen , A. Praveen Kumar , P. Ram Kumar, Mrs. Sunitha . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.