Dynamic Wireless EV Charging System

Abstract

This paper proposes an electric vehicle powered with a dynamic on-road wireless charging system utilizing solar energy. The system involves integrating the photovoltaic panels with inductive coils beneath road surfaces, consequently enabling continuous energy transfer when vehicles are moving. In the power management unit, solar-generated DC power is converted to AC for efficient wireless transmission. We present the architecture of a system that includes the coil design, the vehicle-mounted receiver, and control algorithms for adapting to different speeds and power demands. Simulation and prototype evaluations show transfer efficiency up to 90 % and significant range extension without station stops. This sustainable solution addresses range anxiety and supports renewable integration for greener transportation.

Introduction

Electric vehicles (EVs) offer zero tailpipe emissions but face limitations from finite battery capacity, long charging times, and range anxiety. Dynamic wireless charging (DWC), or in-motion inductive power transfer, allows vehicles to recharge while driving via coils embedded in the road, reducing the need for large batteries and frequent stops. Integrating solar photovoltaic panels with this system provides renewable energy, lowers grid dependency, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Solar DC power is converted to high-frequency AC for efficient inductive transfer to vehicle-mounted receivers.

Challenges in EV adoption:

• Heavy and costly batteries

• Limited charging infrastructure

• Power interface issues and consumer acceptance

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technologies:

1. Electromagnetic inductive coupling

2. Resonant magnetic coupling

3. Microwave-based power transfer

The paper focuses on OLEV (Online Electric Vehicle) system using Shaped Magnetic Field in Resonance (SMFIR) for efficient and robust energy transfer. Key aspects:

• Road electrification integrated with smart grids and ITS

• Access-controlled charging lanes managed via computer vision (OCR for vehicle registration plates)

• User interface: MERN stack with JWT authentication, real-time data storage on Firebase, automated billing based on charging time and vehicle specs

Methodology highlights:

• Resonant coupled WPT enhances efficiency by tuning secondary coil resonance to primary coil frequency, maximizing power factor.

• Equivalent circuit modeling shows how AC signals in coils create magnetic fields for contactless power transfer.

Results:

• A prototype WPT system demonstrates practical feasibility of dynamic wireless charging.

• Smart lane management with automated billing ensures secure, efficient operation for EV users.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Shital Pawar, Vedant Kulkarni, Prajwal Ghule, Kunal Dhumal, Mayur Borole. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.