Effect of X-Bracing on the Structural Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Frames: The SAP2000 Study

Abstract

In arrange to attain ideal flat solidness and solidness of the structure, the seismic reaction of steel-braced fortified concrete structures has been examined in this examination, keeping in intellect soil-structure interaction. As the soil medium can distort, it permits development indeed on the off chance that it is expected that the building is established. As a result, this may render the structure more adaptable, which would increment the common periods of the framework. Hence, the strategy through which soil impacts the movement of the structure which development impacts the reaction of the soil is alluded to as soil-structure interaction. To strengthen the mispositions, X-type bracing is connected. This bracing not as it were upgrades horizontal stack resistance but too essentially contributes to the by and large solidness of the building by minimizing relocations and controlling influence amid seismic occasions.

Introduction

The construction of earthquake-resistant high-rise buildings in India faces challenges due to diverse soil conditions and seismic risks. Dynamic analysis involving seismic dampers, base isolation, and wind-resistant designs like tuned mass dampers is essential for stability and safety. Soil-structure interaction (SSI) significantly affects structural response but is often overlooked in traditional seismic design, leading to potential hazards.

The literature highlights the use of software like SAP2000 and ETABS for structural modeling and analysis under seismic and wind loads, emphasizing compliance with Indian standards (IS456, IS1893). Studies show that SSI impacts lateral displacement, interstory drift, and overall stability, especially in tall buildings on soft soils. X-type bracing enhances seismic performance by improving lateral strength and reducing drift.

The research aims to analyze the effects of SSI on X-braced reinforced concrete frames of 10-, 20-, and 30-story buildings on different soil types using SAP2000. Results indicate that X-braced frames provide more uniform axial load distribution, higher base shear capacity, and significantly reduced roof displacement compared to unbraced frames. Incorporating SSI and effective bracing improves the seismic resilience and safety of tall structures.

Conclusion

1) Due to the fact that silty soil is stiffer than clay soil, it develops axial loads, shear forces, and bending moments that are 5% to 15% greater. It raises the capability of the soil to resist loads but also magnifies seismic forces. 2) Requires more stable foundations so as to limit stress and prevent extreme deformations.With structural values 10% to 25% higher than silty soil and 15% to 20% higher than clay soil, sandy soil experiences the highest structural stresses. 3) Due to its high stiffness, seismic stresses are transmitted more directly, requiring bracing to be stronger, foundations to be deeper, and reinforcing to be heavier to prevent failure. 4) Silty soil is 10% to 15% superior to clay soil, with a lower difference in structural response. Both provide some flexibility but, due to silty soil\'s slightly higher stresses, soil compaction methods and reinforced foundations are needed for improved seismic performance.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Pratik Ambulge, Anushka Jadhav, Shraddha Kumbhar, Sonali Attarkar, Mrs. M. D. Ahirrao. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.