Electronic Countermeasure System for Jamming

Abstract

This project focuses on designing and constructing a compact portable electronic jammer operating in the 2.4 GHz frequency range which covers the bands for other technologies such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth for wireless communication. The system architecture is based on ESP32 microcontrollers and nRF24L01RFtransceiversthatareusedtocreatesignalsthatjam wireless communications in the specified frequency range. To increase the user-friendliness of the device,the microcontroller is supplementedwithan OLEDdisplay thatshows systemstatus, in addition, the device is powered from a rechargeable battery with a TP4056 charge controller which allows using the device in the field. The device can be easily adjusted via Control buttons and signal antennas attached through SMA Connectors. This jammer’s mainadvantage is thatit canbe deployedwhile in motion for some electronic warfare systems mounted on transportable platforms like military vehicles, UAVs, or patrol drones. It\'s compact form and lightweight build allows for installation in limited-space environments without hindering mobility,systembalanceorperformance.Thismakesitapractical solution for disrupting enemy communications to evade remote- controlled threats or disabling unauthorized surveillance drones during missions.This set of traditional systems will aim towards automating war functions in military approaches. The system’s adaptability is effective as it can easily jam signals of multiple targets concurrently, while traditional jammers fail to do so.

Introduction

In today’s digital world, wireless communication technologies like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Zigbee operating in the 2.4 GHz band are ubiquitous, but they face significant security risks including unauthorized access, hacking, and wireless-triggered attacks. Traditional electronic jammers, while effective at blocking such signals, tend to be bulky, expensive, and immobile, limiting their use in modern security or military applications.

This project focuses on designing a compact, portable 2.4 GHz electronic jammer using an ESP32 microcontroller combined with nRF24L01 RF transceiver modules. The device can selectively jam Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, BLE, and other 2.4 GHz signals, with features like an OLED display, user controls, rechargeable battery, and visual indicators, making it suitable for mobile use in vehicles, drones, or handheld operations in electronic warfare and security.

A literature review highlighted existing jamming devices, including open-source tools that use similar components but often suffer from limited frequency coverage, poor user interfaces, and power management issues. This project addresses these gaps by creating a versatile, user-friendly jammer with multiple modes, effective power supply design, and compliance considerations.

The methodology involves hardware design with ESP32, nRF24L01 modules, antennas, power supply, LEDs, and displays, integrated with custom software for signal detection and jamming. Simulations using Multisim and Proteus validated the design before hardware assembly.

The final system demonstrated effective jamming within an 8–15 meter range, allowing mode selection for specific protocols, real-time feedback via OLED, and improved portability compared to traditional jammers. While promising, improvements in antenna design and power output could enhance range and efficiency. The device is suited for educational, testing, and secure facility applications, with legal compliance essential for real-world deployment.

Conclusion

The design and implementation of the portable electronic jammer using the ESP32 microcontroller and nRF24L01 transceivers successfullyachievedthegoalofdisruptingwirelesssignalsinthe2.4 GHz ISM band, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and BLE. The device proved to be compact, energy-efficient, and user-friendly, with the ability to select specific jamming modes through an OLED display interface. Simulations in Multisim and Proteus helped verify the circuit and functionality before hardware development, which improved the accuracy and efficiency of the final design. The project demonstrates how modern microcontrollers and RF modules can be used to create practical, mobile jamming tools suitable for controlled applications in security, defense, and testing environments.

References

[1] 2.4GHzWi-FiJammerusingCylindricalDielectricResonator Antenna for Prison Applications https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370544530_24_GHz_WiFi_Jammer_using_Cylindrical_Dielectric_Reson ator_Antenna_for_Prison_Applications [2] Low-CostImplementationofReactiveJammeronLoRaWANNetwork- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350662688_LowC [3] RF-Clown:YourPortableBLE/BluetoothJammingTool Developer: CiferTech [4] nRFBox:All-in-OneGadgetforDominatingBLEand2.4GHz Developer:CiferTech-https://cifertech.net/nrfbox-your-all-in-one-gadget-for-ble-and-2-4ghz-networks/

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Aishwarya Patil, Harjeet Singh, Shreesh Goggi, Shubham Singh, Prof. Priya Jamdade. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.