Enhanced Blood Warmer Regulation with Temperature Based on Fuzzy Logic

Abstract

Blood is a biological liquid that travels through the bloodstream of all humans and animals and distributes important substances, such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells that are at the forefront of metabolic waste production. Blood is a tough, self-healing, and flexible fluid that undergoes secondary cellular and biochemical changes when subjected to extremely low or high temperatures. If the level of the blood is not adjusted to the right temperature, problems like hemolysis, clotting, or worse can occur, which may be very harmful to the person. Thus, the mean arterial pressure can be raised until the pressure sensor-controlled system is utilized to determine the temperature of the blood during transfusion afterward mechanism for determining temperature and maintaining the heating process. A smart way through the Internet of Things that AI technologies could fundamentally detect a warmer discovered by the IOT system and then the AI could set the temperature higher. For instance, sensors are used to track the temperature during the transfusion of blood. Moreover, fuzzy logic is employed for temperature control, which minds the warmers during blood transfusion. Following these steps, using 0.02 as the average value for absurdity, and 0.06 as the most significant value, the fuzzy logic control facilitates a quicker response time. Also, a weak response condition is recognized with a value of 0.09, right after the parameter values are shown. The Internet of Things technique will exhibit the temperature level using sensors, AI will perceive it, and the blood transfusion will surely have 98.02% accuracy in a person\'s body.

Introduction

Blood is vital in the human body, composed mainly of plasma and blood cells, with its temperature and flow being critical for health. Blood transfusions require precise temperature control to avoid complications like hypothermia and clotting. Integrating IoT technology into blood warming systems enhances accuracy and safety by enabling real-time temperature monitoring and remote control.

Fuzzy logic controllers, combined with IoT, improve temperature regulation by quickly responding to sensor data and adjusting heating elements, ensuring blood remains within safe temperature limits during transfusions.

Several studies have contributed to this field, including the development of micro blood flow sensors, IoT-based health monitoring systems, and PID/fuzzy logic control systems for blood warmers, showing improvements in temperature control precision and patient safety.

The proposed methodology involves an IoT-based automatic blood warmer using an Arduino microcontroller, temperature sensors, a Peltier heating element, and a relay module, with software including Arduino IDE and a mobile app for remote monitoring.

Implementation steps cover hardware assembly, microcontroller programming, mobile app development, testing, calibration, and clinical trials. Expected benefits include enhanced patient safety, improved efficiency, and real-time monitoring.

Results demonstrated that the device maintains blood temperature accurately within ±0.5°C of 37°C, heats blood to the target temperature within 4–5 minutes, and ensures temperature stability throughout transfusion. User feedback showed high satisfaction due to ease of use and effectiveness.

Conclusion

Apart from maintaining a certain temperature margin within a range of ±0.5°C near 37°C, the Automatic Blood Warmer IoT-based needs to guarantee the blood is warm enough so that the patient does not get hypothermia or other adverse effects due to cold blood transfusions. The time reactions that occur before and after a certain event involving the device are responsible for the speed performance of the blood preparation. The device\'s average response time of about 4.5 minutes enables the preparation of products in the fastest way; in this way, emergency cases are handled quickly. Also, the almost imperceptible temperature deviations that the device showed during the setting are evidence of the device\'s steadiness in preserving the temperature hence the whole transfusion process is uneventful. The response from the users, in this case, the healthcare workers, was in the form of recommendations, most of which encompassed the device\'s reflected ease, efficiency, as well as safety. Not to mention that the technology adoption among users provides the clinical staff with the smooth continuity of the patient\'s care management, especially in the new technology of wireless networking, IoT, and Robotic Assisted Surgery. It is therefore not outweighed by any risks or disadvantages when applied in the health sector. The research findings are encouraging, but there should still be a clear understanding of the study\'s limitations like the inadequacy of the sample sizes and the necessity of other trials in different settings. Nevertheless, in the coming future, various studies are expected to overcome trial limitations, introduce new device features, and assess the implications of the long-standing treatment on the patient\'s health. So, the IOT-based Automated Blood Warmer is a step further in blood transfusion management, and one of the critical issues to be addressed is that blood transfusion management is meticulously taking care of patients and animate new efforts. Its successful adoption would support more effective practice and shortened bedside time in healthcare settings thereby it would help the patients to get better results which in turn will be a big improvement overall in healthcare delivery.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 G. Sudha, M. Chandrasekar, D. Madheswaran, P. Ponsurya, R. Sathish. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.