Authors: Muskan Ahmad , Mr. K.V. Ravi Kumar
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52929
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Forensic toxicology is a gathering of related disciplines that cooperate to help distinguish and break down medications and toxins for clinical and legitimate use. Forensic drug analysis isn’t just used in the coroner’s office; Additionally, it can be used to identify drugs in hospitalized patients who were admitted following a suspected poisoning (emergency clinical toxicology), drug-facilitated crimes in which drugs are used to sedate or poison, drugs and driving, and drugs used in human performance (i.e., drugs in sport). Toxicology labs should be furnished with the right devices, be authorize, and have sufficient information to lead deliberate toxicological investigations of drugs of revenue and to offer the ensuing appropriate translations important for legal cases
I. INTRODUCTION
The aim of forensic drug analysis is to provide scientific evidence for legal purposes, such as in criminal investigations or in the monitoring of drug use in the workplace.
Forensic drug analysis involves a range of techniques, including chromatography, mass spectrometry, and immunoassays. Chromatography separates compounds in a mixture based on their chemical properties, while mass spectrometry identifies the compounds based on their molecular weight and fragmentation pattern.
Forensic drug analysis can be applied to a range of samples, including urine, blood, saliva, hair, and solid or liquid samples collected from a crime scene. The analysis can be used to determine the presence of drugs, the quantity of drugs present, and the type of drug used. The results of the analysis can be used as evidence in a court of law or in workplace drug testing programs
Some subtopics of forensic drug analysis include:
II. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
Drugs can be classified in various ways, based on their chemical structure, pharmacological effects, and legal status.Some drugs are listed below
III. DRUG ANALYSIS METHOD
Analytical methods for forensic drug analysis are critical for providing evidence in drug-related criminal cases. The following are some commonly used analytical methods for forensic drug analysis:
IV. DRUG METABOLISM
This process involves the conversion of drugs into more water-soluble and easily excreted metabolites, which can be eliminated from the body through urine or feaces.
V. DRUG DETECTION
VI. DRUGS IN FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
In drug analysis, forensic toxicologists use various techniques to determine the presence of drugs- This information is critical in determining criminal responsibility and in legal proceedings such as trials and sentencing.
Forensic toxicologists provide expert testimony in court. They also play a crucial role in public health and safety by identifying emerging drug trends and new designer drugs that pose a threat to public health.
Overall, forensic toxicology plays a critical role in drug analysis, providing valuable information to law enforcement agencies, the justice system, and the general public.
VII. DRUG ABUSE
Drug abuse refers to the use of illegal, prescription, or over-the-counter drugs in a manner that is harmful to the user or to others. Substance abuse can lead to a range of negative physical, psychological, and social consequences.
Commonly abused drugs include opioids, stimulants, sedatives, hallucinogens, and cannabis. The reasons for drug abuse can vary, and can include factors such as peer pressure, stress, mental health issues, and curiosity.
Prevention efforts can include education and outreach to individuals and communities, as well as efforts to limit access to drugs through regulation and enforcement.
VIII. DRUG TRENDS AND EMERGING DRUG
Drug trends are constantly evolving and changing, making it difficult to predict with certainty what new drugs will emerge and how they will impact society. However, some common patterns can be observed in drug trends, such as the emergence of new designer drugs, shifts in the popularity of certain substances, and changes in drug policies and enforcement efforts.
One emerging trend in recent years has been the rise of synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl and its analogs, which have caused a surge in overdose deaths. Another emerging trend is the increased use of cannabis and its derivatives, such as CBD and THC-infused products, as more states in the U.S. and countries around the world legalize or decriminalize marijuana
IX. LEGAL ASPECTS OF DRUG
There are a variety of legal aspects of drugs that vary depending on the country and jurisdiction. However, some general legal aspects of drugs include:
Forensic drug analysis is the process of analyzing substances to determine their chemical composition and properties. This type of analysis is commonly used in criminal investigations to identify drugs and determine their source, purity, and potential for harm. The conclusion of a forensic drug analysis typically involves a detailed report that summarizes the findings of the analysis. 1) Identification of the drug: The report will identify the type of drug that was analyzed, including its chemical structure and properties. 2) Purity and concentration: The report may provide information about the purity and concentration of the drug, which can help investigators determine its potential potency and danger. 3) Source and origin: If possible, the report may identify the source and origin of the drug, which can help investigators track down the individuals or organizations responsible for its distribution. 4) Chain of custody: The report may include a detailed chain of custody that documents how the sample was collected, transported, and analyzed to ensure its integrity and reliability. Overall, the conclusion of a forensic drug analysis is a critical component of criminal investigations and can provide valuable information that can help law enforcement and the justice system prosecute offenders, prevent drug-related crime, and protect public health and safety.
[1] Forensic Chemistry of Substance Misuse: A Guide to Drug Control Handbook of Forensic Drug Analysis\" edited by Fred Smith and Jay A. Siegel [2] Forensic Toxicology: Principles and Concepts\" by Nicholas T. Lappas and Courtney M. Lappas. Analytica Chimica Acta Journal of Forensic Sciences Drug Testing and Analysis Forensic Chemistry of Substance Misuse: A Guide to Drug Control
Copyright © 2023 Muskan Ahmad , Mr. K.V. Ravi Kumar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Paper Id : IJRASET52929
Publish Date : 2023-05-24
ISSN : 2321-9653
Publisher Name : IJRASET
DOI Link : Click Here