Authors: Erigi Subha Geetha, Timmidi Pardhasaradhi
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59429
Certificate: View Certificate
Wound healing is a complex process of recovering the forms & functions of injured tissues. The process is tightly regulated by multiple growth factors & cytokines released at the wound site. Any alternations that disrupt the healing process would worsen the tissue damage and prolong repair process. Various conditions may contribute to impaired wound healing including infections underlying diseases and medications. Salves, or ointments, are topical products in which the herbs are extracted into vegetable oils by maceration at either room temperature for a specified length of time, in a low heat infusion or in a higher heat decoction. Numerous studies on the potential of natural products with anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal properties as wound healing agents have been performed .Their medicinal properties can be contributed by the content of phytochemical constituents such as Azadirachta indica (Neem leaves),Triticum (wheats), Vitis vinifera(Grape seeds),Helianthus annus (sunflower seeds), Oryza sativa (brown rice)
I. INTRODUCTION
Herbal ointments are the preparation to maintain the good skin health and by preventing the skin irritation. Herbal medicine refers to the use of any plant seeds, berries, roots ,leaves ,bark ,or flowers for medicinal purposes. Along with other dosage forms ,herbal drugs are also formulated in the form of ointments. An ointment is a viscous semisolid preparation used topically on a varity of body surfaces. The objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate the anti microbial and anti fungal and scar reducing herbal ointment from the local medicinal plants. The most effective combinations is determined by comparing the results of zone of inhibition given by the 10 different ratios on staphycoccusareus, Escherichia coli and klebsellia species. Then the minimum inhibitory concentration of the effective combinations was find out. Herbal medicine also called botanical medicine or phytomedicine. Herbalism become more main stream as up to date analysis and research show their value in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Plants had been used for medicinal purposes long before recorded history.
The components used in herbal ointment have demonstrated anti-inflammatory,anti-fungal ,anti-bacterial. They are organic and perform more advantageous actions. Due to the presence of various phytochemical constituents that supports the skin health and healing properties to wound scars to the skin and enhance the bodily biological processes, the raw materials used to make the herbal ointment have better effects. These components work together to produce therapeutic effects and also lessen the chances of side effects from any one component. Several herbs are often used together to enhance effectiveness and to reduce toxicity.
In earlier study, medicinal plants have been reported to be very beneficial in wound care, promoting the rate of wound healing with minimal pain, discomfort, and scaring to the patient. The objective of the study was to formulate and evaluate the scar reducing herbal ointment from the local medicinal plants ( Sule and Agbabiaka, 2008).
Wound healing, as a normal biological process in the human body, is achieved through four precisely and highly programmed phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. For a wound to heal successfully, all four phases must occur in the proper sequence and time frame.
Haemostasis phase: It is the primary phase of wound healing to stop any bleeding.
Inflammation phase: In this phase, involving mainly activation of innate immune system ,neutrophils ,monocytes rapidly migrate into injured skin.
Proliferation phase: In this phase, the provisional wound matrix formed during haemostasis is replaced by granulation tissue ,which partially recovers the structure and function of the wounded skin.
Remodelling phase: It is the final phase of healing process which the granulation tissue matures into scar and tissue tensile strength is increased.
II. SKIN PROBLEMS
We all want the healthy skin and winning skin color. However, now-a-days rashes, allergies are common after every small wounds .Some of the common skin problems are:
A. Actinic Keratosis
B. Rosacea
C. Eczema
D. Cellulitis
III. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The various plant parts that have skin care properties are chosen for study. The plants include :
A. Formulation of Herbal Ointment
Table-1:Composition table
Sl.no |
Ingredients |
Biological name |
Quantity taken |
Medicinal uses |
1. |
Neem powder |
Azadirachta indica |
3gm |
Anti-inflammatory. |
2. |
Turmeric powder |
Curcuma longa |
3gm |
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory. |
3. |
Brown rice |
Oryza sativa |
3gm |
Hydrate skin and Reduce the dark spots |
4. |
Sunflower seeds |
Helianthus annuus |
3gm |
Anti-bacterial and makes our skin glow |
5. |
Milk powder |
- |
3gm |
Anti-acne agent and helps in making skin young looking. |
6. |
Wheats |
Triticum |
3gm |
Rich in proteins ,minerals ,amino acids. |
B. Method of Preparation
Firstly ,Neem leaves ,Brown rice ,Wheats ,Sunflower seeds are collected. At this point, a small amount of turmeric powder ,milk powder is taken. Clean all the ingredients with fresh water, then air-dry them. With the aid of motor and pestle ,all the dried ingredients are grounded into powder. The finely powdered solid particles are passed through a sieve #250.By the need, the powder is weighed i.e.., Neem powder (3gm),Turmeric powder (3gm),Brown rice (3gm),Sunflower seed powder (3gm),Milk powder (3gm), Wheat powder(3gm).After weighing the required quantity of ingredients the ointmental-base also been weighed as required and triturate them all by mixing. And add the remaining amount of base until the medicament is uniformly mixed.
IV. EVALUATION OF PREPARED OINTMENT:
In terms of colour, prepared ointment was assessed. Visual inspection of the colour revealed that the ointment has a pleasing colour.
A. Determination of anti-microbial test;
In a petri-plate, we need to prepare the medium which inoculated with the loop by making strikes in it. At that strikes our sample is placed in one of them and placed in the laminar air flow for 24hrs. The place where our sample is taken are aware of microbes and remaining can be observed as growth of microbes. This result can conclude us the prepared ointment has Anti-microbial property.
The ingredients used in this study were screened and chosen based on their ability to maintain skin hygiene ,whitening and reducing scars to act as effective ointment. Any herbal ointment is considered safe to use twice daily and has no negative side effects. It gives good freshness by applying and also using herbal ointment is safe and affordable way to maintain skin hygiene. This study conclude that natural ointments are safer with fewer side effects than the synthetic preparations. The ointment formulation demonstrates anti-fungal activity and can be used to keep skin safer from scars and some microbial factors like fungal rashes, inflammation after scar, etc… The developed herbal ointment is. expected to be used by the general public.
Copyright © 2024 Erigi Subha Geetha, Timmidi Pardhasaradhi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Paper Id : IJRASET59429
Publish Date : 2024-03-26
ISSN : 2321-9653
Publisher Name : IJRASET
DOI Link : Click Here