Design and Performance Analysis of a Fuzzy Logic Controlled Hybrid Wind-Solar-Battery Energy System for Induction Motor Applications

Abstract

The increasing demand for reliable and high-quality electrical power has accelerated the integration of renewable energy resources into modern power systems. Although wind energy has emerged as a promising renewable source, its intermittent nature introduces significant fluctuations in power generation, affecting system stability and power quality. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a hybrid Wind–Solar–Battery Energy System employing a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for enhanced power management and improved operational performance. The proposed system integrates a photovoltaic (PV) array, a wind energy conversion unit, a battery energy storage system (BESS), power electronic converters, a common DC bus, and a voltage source inverter supplying an induction motor load. Initially, a conventional PI controller is considered for system regulation; however, a fuzzy logic–based control strategy is introduced to improve dynamic response, minimize steady-state error, and reduce Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The complete hybrid system is modeled and analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink under varying operating conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed fuzzy logic–controlled hybrid system provides superior power quality, enhanced voltage regulation, effective battery energy management, and reliable power delivery compared with the conventional PI-controlled system. The proposed approach effectively improves renewable energy utilization while ensuring stable operation of induction motor loads under fluctuating environmental conditions.

Introduction

The text presents a hybrid wind–solar–battery energy system designed to provide reliable and high-quality power to an induction-motor load despite the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources.

The main motivation is that solar and wind generation depend on weather conditions, which can cause fluctuations in power supply. A Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is therefore incorporated to store excess renewable energy and supply power when generation is insufficient. The proposed system combines solar PV, a wind-driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), battery storage, power converters, a common DC link, and a voltage-source inverter.

Proposed System

• The PV array is connected to the common DC link through a DC–DC boost converter.
• The wind turbine drives a PMSG, whose variable AC output is rectified and supplied to the DC link.
• A bidirectional DC–DC converter controls battery charging and discharging.
• A voltage-source inverter converts DC-link power into three-phase AC power for the induction motor.
• An output filter is used to reduce switching harmonics.

Control Strategy

The study compares conventional Proportional–Integral (PI) control with Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC). PI controllers are simple but can be sensitive to parameter variations and gain tuning. FLC uses membership functions and rule-based decision-making, making it more adaptable to nonlinear and changing renewable-energy conditions.

The fuzzy controller is used to regulate system operation, particularly DC-link voltage, power flow, battery operation, and inverter performance.

Mathematical Modeling

The system is mathematically modeled using equations representing:

1. Photovoltaic generation – PV current and output power are calculated using a single-diode model.
2. Wind energy conversion – wind power, turbine mechanical power, tip-speed ratio, and generator torque are modeled.
3. Battery storage – battery State of Charge (SOC), current, voltage, and power are considered.
4. DC-link dynamics – the relationship between PV, wind, battery, and inverter currents is established.
5. Power converters – boost-converter voltage and battery bidirectional power flow are modeled.
6. Induction motor – mechanical dynamics and synchronous-reference-frame electrical equations are used to represent motor operation.

Results

The proposed system is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and evaluated based on:

• Load-voltage quality
• Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
• Battery charging/discharging behavior
• DC-link regulation
• Induction-motor response
• Overall power delivery

The reported results show that fuzzy control reduces the load-voltage THD from 16.24% to 12.75%, representing an approximately 21.49% relative reduction, while maintaining stable power delivery to the induction motor.

Conclusion

A hybrid wind–solar–battery energy system employing an FLC–PI control strategy was developed in MATLAB/Simulink to supply an induction-motor load through a common DC link. The motor operated at approximately 1200–1250\" rpm\" , while the steady-state electromagnetic torque remained within approximately 4–5 \"N\\cdotpm\" . The battery current and power settled near 10.2\" A\" and 2.5\" kW\" , respectively, during the displayed discharge interval. The measured THD decreased from 16.24%under conventional PI control to 12.75%under the proposed control strategy, corresponding to a relative reduction of approximately 21.49%. The results demonstrate improved harmonic performance while maintaining stable motor operation. Future work should focus on experimental validation, comparative DC-link analysis, battery SOC evaluation, and further harmonic reduction.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2026 Battapothu Shiva Prasad, Dr. M. T. Naik. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.