Hybrid Energy System Simulation and Modelling Incorporating Wind, Solar, Battery and Fuel Cell Power

Abstract

Improving grid-interfaced hybrid generation systems\' power transmission capabilities is the primary goal of this work. This hybrid system typically combines wind and solar energy sources. This research suggests the idea of maximum power tracking strategies to obtain the maximum and consistent output power from these renewable energy sources at any given moment. Direct Current (DC) to DC boost converter control is the primary function of this maximum power point tracking controller. Lastly, MatLab/Simulink simulation is used to observe the performance of this hybrid system based on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT).

Introduction

The world’s fossil fuel reserves are rapidly depleting, and current energy largely depends on fossil fuels and nuclear power, with renewable sources (solar, wind, geothermal, biomass) contributing only a small share. Renewable energy, especially solar and wind, is gaining importance due to its abundance and environmental benefits. Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity with advantages like low maintenance and no fuel cost, while wind turbines convert wind energy into electrical power, often used in onshore settings for cost-effectiveness.

The work models and simulates solar and wind power systems independently before integrating them into a hybrid system to supply AC loads. Solar power is generated by photovoltaic (PV) arrays composed of cells arranged in series-parallel configurations to meet power needs, modeled using diode and current source circuits governed by the Shockley equation. Wind power is harnessed by turbines connected to generators, with power output depending on factors like blade pitch, tip-speed ratio, and wind speed; the model assumes ideal wind flow conditions. The wind system uses a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) rated at 60 kW.

A literature review highlights the rise of hybrid energy systems (HES) combining solar, wind, batteries, and fuel cells to overcome intermittency issues of renewables, employing simulation tools like HOMER and MATLAB/Simulink for design and optimization. AI-based optimization and hydrogen storage integration are recent advancements.

The hybrid system simulation includes detailed models of solar panels, wind turbines, batteries, and fuel cells using Simulink. Boost converters stabilize voltage outputs despite fluctuating input from renewable sources, ensuring a consistent power supply. Results show the hybrid solar-wind system offers improved reliability, efficiency, and stable power generation compared to single-source systems, with output data presented for each component and the combined load.

Conclusion

ThenewcontrolmethodforPV-WIND-SMESsystemsbasedonfuzzylogiccontrol(FLC)hasbeenproposedin this paper. The proposed FLC method maintains higher reliability of the SMES device by takingintoaccountitsstateof charge (SOC). Additionally, the proposed controller eliminates the fluctuated nature of the PV generation and wind generation through local load management. Additionally,theproposedFLCmethodmaintainsalongerlifetimeoftheDC link capacitors by avoiding high operating voltages due to deep charge anddischargeoperations.Theoutputfromsolar and wind systems is converted into AC power output using an inverter, and acircuitbreakerisconnectedintheallotted time. The hybrid system is adjusted toprovidethemaximumoutput powerunderall operating conditionsinordertofulfill the load. In order to satisfytheload,thebattery supportsthewindorsolarsystem. Itcanal sooperatesimultaneouslyfor the same load..

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Pulla Mounika, Dr. P. Venkata Prasad. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.