Hybrid Solar and Wind Power Management System with IOT

Abstract

The increasing demand for electricity and the depletion of conventional energy resources have increased the importance of renewable energy systems. Solar and wind energy are two of the most widely used renewable energy sources. However, each source has its own limitations due to environmental dependency. To overcome this limitation, hybrid renewable energy systems are developed by combining multiple energy sources to improve reliability and energy availability. The objective of this project is to design and implement a Hybrid Solar and Wind Power Management System with IoT Monitoring that can intelligently utilize available renewable sources to charge a battery. In this system, both solar and wind energy sources are connected to a common battery through charge regulation modules. The solar panel output is controlled using an MPPT charge controller, while the wind turbine output is regulated using a CC/CV module. An ESP32 microcontroller is used as the main controller of the system. It continuously monitors the voltage of both solar and wind sources using voltage sensors and automatically selects the available source based on a predefined voltage threshold. Relay-based switching is used to control the charging path and ensure stable operation. The stored energy in the battery is supplied to the load through an inverter. An ACS712 current sensor is used to monitor the current between the battery and inverter for overload detection. Additionally, the system provides IoT-based monitoring using the Blynk platform, allowing users to remotely observe solar and wind generation data. This project demonstrates an efficient and intelligent approach to managing multiple renewable energy sources for battery charging and power supply. The developed prototype helps in understanding the working principles of hybrid renewable energy systems and their practical implementation.

Introduction

The global shift toward renewable energy is driven by rising energy demand, fossil fuel depletion, and environmental concerns. Solar and wind energy are the most widely used renewable sources, but both have limitations—solar depends on sunlight, and wind is variable—making standalone systems unreliable. To address this, hybrid solar-wind systems are implemented, combining both sources to improve reliability, stability, and efficiency.

The proposed project develops a microcontroller-based hybrid power management system using ESP32, integrating hysteresis-based source selection to prevent unstable switching (relay hunting), battery-based energy storage, DC current sensing for overload protection, and IoT monitoring via Blynk for real-time visualization of solar and wind voltages, active source status, and system condition.

Testing demonstrated stable operation under various conditions: automatic source switching based on voltage thresholds, uninterrupted battery charging, proper overload protection, and reliable IoT monitoring. The system ensures intelligent source selection, safe and stable battery operation, and real-time renewable energy management, making it suitable for small-scale off-grid applications.

Conclusion

The Hybrid Solar and Wind Power Management System with IoT Monitoring successfully demonstrates the practical integration of two renewable energy sources using intelligent control logic and embedded system design. The project achieves stable battery charging through threshold-based source selection, ensuring that only sufficiently strong renewable sources participate in charging. The implemented first-attempt switching logic allows the system to select whichever source first exceeds the 10V threshold and continue charging until the source voltage drops below the limit, preventing unnecessary relay oscillation and ensuring stable operation under fluctuating environmental conditions. The use of hysteresis control further enhances system reliability. The battery-based architecture ensures that renewable sources are used solely for charging, while the load is powered through an inverter, improving voltage stability and protecting connected appliances. The inclusion of DC current monitoring provides additional safety by preventing excessive current draw from the battery. Integration of IoT monitoring using the ESP32 and Blynk enables real-time visualization of solar and wind voltages, making the system interactive and suitable for modern smart energy applications. During testing, the system performed reliably under various conditions, including solar-only operation, wind-only operation, simultaneous source availability, and overload scenarios. The results confirm that the system operates efficiently and meets the intended objectives of intelligent hybrid energy management. Overall, the project demonstrates a compact, cost-effective, and educational prototype of a hybrid renewable energy management system, providing a strong foundation for future enhancements such as parallel charging integration, advanced energy analytics, and large-scale hybrid implementations.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2026 Shravan Kadam, Siddharth Kamble, Mayuresh Gajakosh, Aniket Kadam, Ashwini Khade. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.