Design and Implementation of an Automated Geyser Temperature Control System Using ESP32

Abstract

This paper presents a smart and cost-effective geyser temperature control system designed using an ESP32 microcontroller. The system is intended to ensure user comfort, energy efficiency, and water conservation by automating the control of heater and water flow based on temperature feedback. The project utilizes components including solenoid valves, a diaphragm pump, DS18B20 temperature sensor, a 2-channel relay module, an RTC module, an LCD display, and is integrated with the Blynk mobile app for remote operation. This paper discusses the design, development, working methodology, experimental analysis, validation, and future scope of the system.

Introduction

Traditional geysers are inefficient due to manual operation, leading to energy waste, water wastage, and higher bills. This project introduces a low-cost, automated temperature control system using the ESP32 microcontroller. It ensures optimal heating cycles, remote access, and water conservation, making it ideal for homes and commercial use.

II. Literature Review

Previous works have used microcontrollers, wireless features, and mobile apps for smart water heating. This project builds on them by adding:

• Dual-relay control for water outlet and return lines

• Independent motor control

• LCD for real-time monitoring

III. Methodology

• Temperature sensor (DS18B20) feeds data to ESP32

• ESP32 controls:

  • Relay 1: Opens return solenoid below temperature threshold

  • Relay 2: Activates heater and outlet valve above threshold

• Pump runs independently for circulation

• Blynk App: Used for remote control and monitoring

• LCD: Shows temperature, time, and device status

IV. Component Selection

• ESP32: Wi-Fi-enabled microcontroller

• Solenoid Valves: 12V DC, normally closed

• DS18B20: Waterproof digital temperature sensor

• LCD 16x2: With I2C for display

• Relay Module: Opto-isolated for safety

V. Experimental Setup

The setup uses cardboard mounting, polyurethane piping, and a diaphragm pump. The ESP32 is connected to all components, and system data is displayed via LCD and Blynk app.

VI. Validation and Results

• System tested with various temperature thresholds

• Accurate temperature sensing (±0.5°C)

• Actuators responded within 2 seconds

• Minimal data loss, rare resets even under unstable power

VII. Discussion

The system provides:

• Energy efficiency

• Low maintenance

• Improved safety

• Potential upgrades include:

  • Waterproof casing

  • OTA firmware updates

  • Solar energy support

VIII. Applications

• Domestic water heating

• Hostels and dormitories

• Energy-efficient buildings

• Hotels with sustainability goals

• Institutions requiring hot water regulation

Conclusion

The automated geyser temperature control system presented in this paper effectively enhances comfort, safety, and energy efficiency. The use of ESP32 and mobile interfacing provides scalability and remote control features. With further improvements, this solution can be commercialized for wider deployment. The system also fosters awareness about responsible water and energy usage, contributing to a more sustainable future.

References

[1] Harish Mekali et al., “Design and Development of Automatic Temperature Control System for Solar Water Heater System,” IEEE PECon, 2018. [2] T. Wangchuk et al., “Solar Water Heater using an IoT,” IJRASET, 2024. [3] H. Pipino et al., “Nonlinear Temperature Regulation of Solar Collectors,” arXiv, 2020. [4] A. Maleki et al., “Applications of Intelligent Methods in Solar Heaters,” Renew. Energy Rev., 2023. [5] C. Passenberg et al., “Optimal Water Heater Control in Smart Home Environments,” arXiv, 2016. [6] B. Rao and M. Bindu, “IoT Based Smart Water Heating System,” IJESC, 2022. [7] K. Nithya et al., “Temperature Monitoring for Smart Geyser using Arduino,” IJERT, 2021. [8] H. Garg et al., “Thermal Performance of Flat Plate Collector with Temperature Control,” IJAERS, 2019. [9] R. Nayak and V. Bansal, “Smart Solar Geyser using Embedded Technology,” IJIERT, 2020. [10] G. Zeng et al., “Energy Management in Domestic Heating Systems using AI,” Elsevier Energy, 2023. [11] P. Rajput et al., “Home Automation of Geyser with Safety Monitoring,” IRJET, 2021. [12] S. Mitra, “Design of IoT Based Water Heating Systems,” IJERT, 2022.

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Vishvas Natu, Vedant Hinge, Harsh Shankar . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.