Virtual Mouse: Integrating Eye, Hand and Voice Controls for Enhanced Human-Computer Interaction

Abstract

An in-depth evaluation of a Virtual Mouse system that combines voice commands, hand gesture detection, and eye tracking to produce a multimodal, hands-free human-computer interaction (HCI) interface is discussed in this work. The Virtual Mouse was created to improve accessibility and efficiency, especially for users who have physical restrictions. It enables users to do tasks using voice input, control a computer pointer using eye movements, and execute orders with hand gestures. We describe the system architecture in detail, talk about implementation issues, and assess performance, emphasizing increased accuracy and user satisfaction over conventional input techniques. Future research will concentrate on improving responsiveness and usability for wider HCI adoption, with potential applications spanning virtual/augmented reality environments, gaming, and accessibility solutions.

Introduction

The evolution of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has led to the development of virtual mouse technologies that replace traditional input devices with more accessible, hands-free, and intuitive alternatives. These technologies are especially beneficial for users with disabilities or in environments where keyboards and mice are impractical.

I. Background

• Early virtual mice used head movements and basic eye-tracking.

• Later developments included gesture-based systems and eye-tracking devices like the Tobii Eye Tracker.

• Initial challenges included high cost, limited accuracy, and sensitivity to lighting conditions.

II. Current Landscape

• Modern virtual mice integrate multimodal interactions, combining:

  • Eye tracking for cursor movement.

  • Gesture recognition for clicks and drags.

  • Voice commands for executing actions.

• Recent advances in machine learning, computer vision, and natural language processing have improved usability and accuracy.

• Studies show these systems reduce task time and improve accessibility, though challenges like environmental robustness remain.

III. Methodology

• Eye Tracking:

  • Implemented using MediaPipe and PyAutoGUI.

  • Eye movements control the cursor; blinks or gaze patterns simulate clicks.

• Hand Gesture Recognition:

  • Uses MediaPipe, CNNs, and optical flow.

  • Recognizes gestures like clicks, drags, and swipes.

• Voice Commands:

  • Controlled by an Artificial Neural Network (ANN).

  • Recognizes spoken commands for cursor actions with <300 ms latency and ~90% accuracy.

IV. System Architecture

• Integrates eye, hand, and voice modules for seamless interaction.

• Supports:

  • Real-time cursor navigation

  • Hands-free clicking

  • Gesture-based dragging and selection

  • Voice-command execution

• Designed for 90%+ accuracy with low response lag (<50 ms).

V. Implementation

• Visible Light Limbus Tracking used for eye movement detection.

• Hand gestures detected using MediaPipe’s 3D hand landmarks.

• Voice input mapped to actions using speech recognition libraries and pyautogui for control execution.

• Multimodal design enhances user comfort, reduces fatigue, and increases accessibility.

VI. Future Scope

• AI Integration for adaptive personalization and improved precision.

• Faster response times through optimized models.

• Context-aware systems that adapt to user behavior and environmental conditions.

• Greater accessibility and usability for individuals with varying abilities.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Riddhi Gori, Sejal Kamaliya, Prajakta Bugade. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.