Integration of Wireless Charging Into Road Networks for Electrical Vehicles

Abstract

As the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to accelerate globally, there is a growing demand for efficient, sustainable, and user-friendly charging technologies. Traditional wired charging systems face several challenges, including cable wear and tear, limited mobility, and reliance on grid electricity, which often leads to higher carbon emissions. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a Solar-Powered Wireless Electricity EV Charging System that combines the benefits of renewable energy and contactless power transfer. The proposed system utilizes solar panels to harness solar energy, converting it into electrical power using photovoltaic effects. This energy is then managed and conditioned through power electronics and boost converters to generate the appropriate voltage required for efficient wireless transmission. The wireless charging mechanism is based on electromagnetic induction or resonant inductive coupling, using a transmitter and receiver coil pair to deliver power to the vehicle without physical connectors. A battery storage unit is incorporated to store excess solar energy for use during periods of low sunlight, enhancing the system’s reliability and energy independence. A microcontroller (Arduino Nano) manages the overall operation, including power regulation, safety features, and system diagnostics. Additional components such as LCD displays, LED indicators, and charge controllers are integrated for user interaction and real-time monitoring. The entire system is programmed and monitored using the Arduino IDE, ensuring ease of development and customization. This wireless and solar-integrated charging approach not only improves user convenience by eliminating cables but also promotes environmental sustainability by reducing dependence on fossil fuels. With applications ranging from residential installations to public charging infrastructure and fleet services, this system represents a significant step toward greener and smarter transportation solutions.

Introduction

The text discusses the development of a solar-powered wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging system aimed at enhancing sustainability, convenience, and efficiency. Traditional wired EV chargers face issues such as cable damage, maintenance, and safety risks, especially in public settings. Wireless charging, combined with solar energy harvesting, offers a cable-free, eco-friendly alternative that stores excess energy in batteries for continuous operation during low sunlight.

The proposed system integrates solar panels, boost converters, lithium-ion battery storage, wireless power transfer coils, and an Arduino Nano microcontroller for control and real-time monitoring via LCD and LED indicators. Objectives include efficient wireless power transfer, renewable energy use, user-friendly interface, energy storage, safety enhancements, and scalability for diverse applications.

A literature survey reviews key studies on solar-powered wireless charging, resonant inductive coupling, IoT integration, and microcontroller control, informing the design choices and improvements in the proposed system.

The methodology outlines the system’s five main blocks: solar energy generation, power conditioning via boost converters, wireless transmission through inductive coupling, battery storage, and microcontroller-based control/monitoring.

Testing demonstrated reliable solar power generation, an energy transfer efficiency of 80–85% under proper coil alignment, and effective battery backup during low sunlight, confirming the system’s practical viability and benefits over conventional charging methods.

Conclusion

The proposed Solar Wireless EV Charging System successfully integrates renewable energy with wireless power transfer technology to provide an efficient, safe, and user-friendly solution for electric vehicle charging. By utilizing solar panels as the primary power source and eliminating the need for physical cables, the system offers a cleaner and more convenient alternative to traditional grid-based wired charging methods. The inclusion of energy storage through lithium-ion batteries ensures uninterrupted functionality even during periods of low sunlight, while the Arduino-based control unit enables real-time monitoring and management of the charging process. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the wireless energy transfer and the stability of the power supply system. Moreover, the prototype demonstrates low maintenance, reduced operational costs, and enhanced safety due to its contactless design. This system not only addresses the growing energy demands of the EV ecosystem but also contributes to environmental sustainability by promoting clean energy adoption. In conclusion, the project proves the viability of solar-powered wireless charging as a forward-thinking approach to modern transportation needs. There is significant potential to further develop and enhance the proposed system for broader, real-world applications. Future improvements can include increasing the efficiency of wireless power transfer over longer distances and allowing greater tolerance for misalignment between transmitter and receiver coils. Integration with smart grids can enable dynamic power management based on energy demand and availability, while real-time data analytics and IoT-based dashboards can offer enhanced monitoring capabilities for users and service providers. The system can be made autonomous by incorporating vehicle detection and self-aligning coil mechanisms, allowing for hands-free charging in smart parking lots. Additionally, scaling up the system to support dynamic charging, where EVs can be charged while in motion on specially designed roads, could revolutionize the transportation infrastructure. With advancements in solar panel efficiency, battery technology, and wireless transmission, this system holds immense promise for transforming how electric vehicles are powered in the future.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Mr. B. Vasu Naik, E. Bhavana, P. Manideep, S. Dinesh Kumar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.