Ijraset Journal For Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

Abstract

Intensity Based Headlight Management System (IBHMS) is a new technological solution to improve road safety and energy efficiency by adjusting the intensity of headlights. This project provides an overview of the IBHMS, its design and implementation. The main purpose of IBHMS is to improve lighting conditions such as presence of other vehicles, roads and lighting in the environment. The system improves the driver\'s vision by adjusting the intensity of the headlights, reducing visibility, reducing the risk of accidents and increasing overall safety. IBHMS uses a combination of sensors such as cameras, LDRs and ambient lighting to gather information about the surrounding environment. These sensors provide important information to the system, which is processed using advanced techniques and machine learning techniques. The algorithm analyzes the data to determine the appropriate use of the car\'s lights in real time. In addition, IBHMS has made energy efficiency a priority in its design. The system dynamically adjusts the intensity of the headlights, minimizing power consumption and extending the life of the light, thus reducing the vehicle\'s overall energy footprint.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The Energy Based Headlight Management System (IBHMS) aims to solve important safety and energy consumption problems in the automotive industry. Headlights play an important role in improving the vision of drivers and other road users, especially in bright conditions. However, conventional headlights often cause poor vision, such as excessive glare for traffic or insufficient illumination for the driver. To overcome these problems, IBHMS developed a new method to adjust the headlight power to the time of the surrounding environment. Using a combination of sensors, advanced algorithms and machine learning, the system adjusts lighting to improve visibility while reducing the risk of glare.

II. BACKGROUND

Road safety is a major concern in the automotive industry and poor visibility is the main cause of accidents, especially at night or in bad weather. Headlights play an important role in illuminating the front, allowing drivers to see obstacles and drive safely. However, conventional headlights often do not provide good illumination, causing hazards and affecting road safety. Fixed-use headlights can create problems for traffic, such as excessive glare, affect the vision of other drivers, and increase the risk of accidents. In addition, these headlights may not provide good illumination for the driver, especially in difficult conditions such as poor lighting or bad weather.

A. Problem Statement

1. Insufficient Lighting: Constant lighting may not provide adequate lighting in many situations, such as poor lighting, bad weather, or good environment in bright areas. This can affect the driver's ability to detect obstacles, road hazards and pedestrians, potentially causing an accident.
2. Glare and Vision Problems: Headlights often produce too much light from oncoming traffic, which can cause other drivers to lose their sight, cause discomfort and accidents. Lack of proper lighting control can cause unnecessary glare, reducing overall road safety.
3. Low Energy Consumption: Fixed energy lamps use constant energy regardless of lighting requirements. This leads to unnecessary energy use and waste, which increases fuel consumption and emissions.
4. Maintenance Costs: Regular maintenance can shorten the life of your headlights and increase repair costs for car owners. The fixed-use head may need to be replaced or repaired frequently, affecting the overall cost-effectiveness of the lighting.

B. Objectives

1. Improving  road safety by providing good  lighting conditions for drivers and old aged people in night.
2. Reducing accidents caused by poor visibility and glare from headlights.
3. Enhancing energy efficiency by minimizing power and energy consumption of the lighting system.
4. Extending the lifespan of the headlights and reducing maintenance costs.

III. LITERATURE SURVEY

1. AslamMusthafa R (2017) built up an automatic headlight beam controller. It will sense the light intensity value of opposite vehicles and automatically switches the high beam into low beam and it will reduces the glare effect.[1]
2. Abdul Kader Riyaz .M (2017) proposed a graphene coated LED based automatic street lighting system using arudino microcontroller. In this the author introduced GaN based LED which acts as a heat sink. They have used arudino uno microcontroller.[2]
3. Williams. E.A (2016) proposed a design and implementation of automatic headlight dimmer for vehicles using light dependent resistor (LDR) sensor .The device is able to automatically switch the headlight low when it is sensed by the light dependent resistor.[3]
4. Mali P.S (2016) describes about automatic headlight dipper with respect to upcoming vehicles response. In this author uses LDR for sensing weather the light is low or high beam. The circuits will intimate the LDR which the light is in upper mode it will changes to dipper mode.[4]
5. SanalMalhotra (2014) designs an automatic brightness control using LDR sensor. In this system they used LED and LDR. LED is a diode which works based on the concept of Electroluminescence. According to the programming the LED will glow. If in day time they don’t need light the LED will off automatically.[5]

A. Implementation

The process of implementation is as follows:

1. Hardware Setup: Install the necessary hardware component , including cameras, LDR sensors, ambient light sensors, microcontrollers, and headlight control modules, in the vehicle. Ensure proper wiring and connections between the components.
2. Sensor Data Acquisition: Develop code or use appropriate APIs to capture data from the sensors. Retrieve visual data from cameras, depth measurements from LDR sensors, and ambient light readings from ambient light sensors. The data until the year is extracted. This extracted data is matched with the name pattern. Once the names of the authors are fetched the permutation is carried out.
3. Data Fusion: Implement algorithms to fuse the sensor data and create a comprehensive representation of the surrounding environment. Combine visual information, depth measurements, and ambient light data to obtain a unified understanding of the road conditions.
4. Control Algorithms: Design and implement control algorithms that analyse the fused sensor data. Develop logic to determine the optimal headlight intensity based on real-time conditions, such as road visibility, ambient light levels, and the presence of other vehicles or pedestrians. Consider incorporating machine learning techniques, such as object detection and recognition, to enhance the performance of the control algorithms.
5. Headlight Control Module Integration: Interface the control algorithms with the headlight control module. Ensure the communication protocol between the microcontroller and the headlight control module is established. Develop code to send instructions to the headlight control module to adjust the intensity based on the determined optimal values.
6. User Interface Development: Create a user interface for drivers to monitor and control the IBHMS. Design an intuitive and user-friendly interface that provides real-time feedback on headlight intensity adjustments and system status. Implement controls for drivers to adjust system settings or override automatic adjustments if needed.
7. Testing and Validation: Conduct extensive testing to ensure the functionality and performance of the IBHMS. Evaluate the system’s ability to adjust headlight intensity accurately in different driving scenarios, including varying lighting conditions, road types, and weather conditions. Validate the system’s effectiveness in enhancing visibility, reducing glare, and improving energy efficiency. Make adjustments and refinements to the implementation based on the test results and user feedback
8. Deployment and Integration: Install the implemented IBHMS in the vehicle, ensuring proper integration with the existing electrical system. Conduct thorough checks to ensure the system operates smoothly and reliably. Perform additional testing in real-world driving conditions to validate the system’s performance.
9. Documentation and Maintenance: Prepare comprehensive documentation, including system design, implementation details, and user manuals. Document the algorithms, software code, and hardware setup for future reference and maintenance. Establish a maintenance plan to address any potential issues, provide software updates, and ensure long-term functionality.

B. Methodology

The block diagram of a vehicle headlight management  system  is drawn for our better understanding of this project , as shown in Fig. 1.

 V. RESULTS

1. Improved Visibility: The IBHMS aims to enhance visibility by dynamically adjusting the headlight intensity based on real-time road and environmental conditions. The system’s effectiveness can be evaluated by measuring the visibility range and the driver’s ability to perceive objects in different lighting conditions. The results may show an improvement in visibility compared to traditional fixed-intensity headlights.
2. Glare Reduction: One of the key objectives of the IBHMS is to reduce glare for oncoming vehicles and pedestrians. Evaluation can involve measuring the amount of glare experienced by other drivers and pedestrians when the system is active compared to traditional headlights. The results may demonstrate a reduction in glare, leading to improved safety for all road users.
3.  Energy Efficiency: The IBHMS aims to optimize headlight intensity to minimize energy consumption while maintaining adequate illumination. The system’s performance can be assessed by measuring the energy usage of the headlights during different driving conditions. The results may show reduced energy consumption compared to fixed-intensity headlights, leading to improved fuel  efficiency in vehicles.
4.  Adaptive Response: The IBHMS’s ability to adapt the headlight intensity in real-time based on changing road and environmental conditions can be evaluated. This can involve testing the system’s response to various scenarios, such as curves, intersections, and low-visibility situations. The results may demonstrate the system’s capability to adjust the headlights promptly and accurately, ensuring optimal visibility at all times.
5. User Feedback: Gathering feedback from drivers who have used the IBHMS is crucial to assess the system’s usability and effectiveness. Conducting surveys or interviews with users can provide insights into their experiences, satisfaction levels, and any suggestions for improvement. The feedback received can help refine the system and address any issues identified during the implementation and testing phases.
6. It is important to define specific evaluation metrics and testing procedures prior to implementing the IBHMS to ensure accurate and meaningful results. The results obtained can help validate the effectiveness of the system and guide further improvements or optimizations in the design and implementation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the implementation of an Intensity-Based Headlight Management System (IBHMS) offers several benefits for enhancing road safety, improving visibility, and optimizing energy efficiency. Throughout the project, various components and stages were involved, including sensor integration, data processing and fusion, intelligent control algorithms, system integration, user interface development, testing, and documentation. The IBHMS successfully addressed the problem of fixed-intensity headlights by dynamically adjusting the headlight intensity based on real-time road and environmental conditions. The system leveraged sensors such as cameras, LIDAR, and ambient light sensors to gather data and employ intelligent control algorithms to determine the optimal headlight intensity. This adaptive approach resulted in improved visibility for the driver while reducing glare for oncoming vehicles and pedestrians. The results of implementing the IBHMS demonstrated its effectiveness in improving visibility, reducing glare, and optimizing energy consumption. Evaluation metrics such as visibility range, glare reduction, energy efficiency, and system responsiveness were utilized to measure the system’s performance. The IBHMS showcased improved visibility in different lighting conditions, reduced glare for other road users, and exhibited energy-efficient operation by adjusting headlight intensity based on real-time needs. Additionally, the system demonstrated its adaptive response capabilities, ensuring optimal visibility in various 10 driving scenarios. User feedback played a vital role in refining the system and addressing any identified issues. Feedback from drivers who used the IBHMS provided valuable insights into the system’s usability, user satisfaction, and potential areas of improvement. Overall, the IBHMS project successfully developed and implemented an intelligent headlight management system that significantly improved road safety, visibility, and energy efficiency. By dynamically adjusting headlight intensity, the system demonstrated the ability to adapt to changing road conditions and enhance visibility while minimizing glare for other road users. The project’s outcomes contribute to the advancement of automotive technology and offer a valuable solution for safer and more efficient driving experiences.

References

[1] R Aslam Musthafa, T Bala Krishnan, N Seetha Raman, M Shankar, and R Swathi. Automatic headlight beam controller. Special Issue Published in International Journal of Trend in Research and Development (IJTRD) 15th March, 2017 in [1] [2] KB Naveen, N Nithish Gowda, SP Sahana, P Shreya Gowda, and S Yashwanth Kumar. Real time vehicle headlights management and horn detection system 2022 in [2] [3] AR Madhu, R Pradeepika, and P Sandhiya. Automation in the body control module of a car 2019 in [3] [4] GM Pushpanjali, PS Mali, and RR Naman. Automatic headlight dipper with respect to upcoming vehicles. Response International Journal on Emerging Technologies, 2016 in [4] [5] Sanal Malhotra and Shiv Taneja. Automatic brightness control using ldr sensors. Advanced Research in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1(2):12–13, 2014 in [5]

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Harshitha S, Sneha B, Vineetha Kashyap. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.