IOT Based Infusion Pump for Controlling the Drug Delivery

Abstract

This article showcases a novel IoT-enabled infusion pump system that aims to boost the accuracy, safety, and effectiveness of drug delivery in healthcare settings. The new system is equipped with a pressure sensor, Arduino Uno microcontroller, and Wi-Fi module to enable real-time tracking and drug administration. Through the use of a pressure sensor, infusion speed is changed by the system to various physiological conditions of the patient to his/her medical needs. Consequently, personalized therapy will be guaranteed, and the disadvantages associated with traditional infusion pumps will be lessened. IoT connectivity allows for the administration of the pump and thus management through a mobile-based application or a web interface, so that the medical team could be able to set the infusion parameters, receive alerts, and intervene in time in the event of a deviation. The system also comes with other features such as a local display (LCD) and an alarm for critical occurrences, allowing the patient to use it more conveniently and safely. This platform is one of the revolutionary developments in personalized medicine that overcomes the inconveniences of old-fashioned infusion pumps and uses IoT for better patient results and efficiency.

Introduction

1. Introduction and Motivation

Traditional infusion pumps lack adaptability and fail to respond to a patient’s real-time physiological changes, posing risks such as medication errors or suboptimal dosing. To overcome this, the proposed solution is an IoT-based infusion pump system that dynamically adjusts drug delivery using real-time data. It integrates pressure sensors, Arduino Uno, and Wi-Fi modules for adaptive and remote control, ensuring personalized and safe medication delivery, especially in critical care and remote healthcare settings.

2. Literature Review

• Smith & Brown: IoT-driven infusion with remote control reduced human error and improved medication adherence.

• Patel et al.: Integrated sensors and predictive algorithms to ensure constant monitoring and enhance safety.

• Wilson & Nguyen: Proposed a closed-loop IoT system that minimized side effects by adapting over time.

• Davis et al.: Developed a system that automatically recovers from human errors like blocked drug delivery.

• Thompson et al.: Highlighted challenges (security, interoperability) and emphasized AI/blockchain's role in enhancing system reliability.

3. Proposed Methodology

A. System Design

Hardware Components:

• Arduino Uno: Controls the system and processes sensor data.

• Pressure Sensor: Continuously monitors patient’s blood pressure for adaptive dosing.

• Stepper Motor: Regulates infusion with high precision.

• Relay: Switches between control logic and pump operation for safety.

• LCD Display: Shows local infusion parameters (flow rate, volume, pressure).

• Wi-Fi Module: Enables cloud communication for remote monitoring/control.

Microcontroller Specs:

• ATmega328P, 16 MHz, 32KB flash memory, 5V operating voltage.

B. Pressure-Based Adaptive Control

• Real-time pressure monitoring allows automatic flow rate regulation, customized to the patient's condition.

• Triggers alerts when pressure readings exceed safe limits.

C. Real-Time Monitoring and Alerts

• LCD provides local visualization of infusion parameters.

• Auditory Alerts for pressure abnormalities, system failures, or missed medications.

• Digital Alerts sent via IoT (mobile/web) to healthcare professionals for timely response.

D. IoT-Enabled Remote Management

Healthcare providers can:

1. Access real-time data (infusion parameters, vitals).

2. Monitor trends and analyze historical data.

3. Adjust settings remotely based on patient needs.

4. Receive instant notifications of system anomalies.

E. Data Storage and Analysis

• Cloud storage for secure data logging of infusion details.

• Enables trend analysis and dose optimization using historical data.

• Control algorithms improve dosing efficiency and response accuracy.

F. Security and Reliability

• Data encryption and user authentication safeguard sensitive data.

• Fail-safe mechanisms: Includes alarms and automatic system shutdown on critical failure.

• High-reliability hardware ensures consistent performance in medical settings.

4. Results

• The system demonstrated precise drug delivery, adjusting infusion rates in real time based on blood pressure.

• Enhanced responsiveness in critical care environments.

• Reduced dependency on manual operation, increasing safety and treatment accuracy.

Conclusion

It presents a brand new system for the infusion pump that can work even with the IoT and it is a system that assists medication delivery and patient monitoring even under COVID-19 by intelligent technologies such as pressure sensors and IoT connectivity. This system aims to find a solution to the challenge of the traditional infusion pumps by being a flexible system that can measure blood pressure on a real-time basis, allowing for the adaptive dosing that drips out medication to the patient\'s need. Such a feature is crucial in preventing medication errors and ensuring patient safety, especially in critical care scenarios. Furthermore, the WiFi module will also make it possible for professionals to monitor and control a patient, that is take care of the patient even being far from the patient, not only by the real-time data that they can access about the patient but also by the alerts that they will receive for any anomalies. This will ultimately improve the efficiency of healthcare delivery and make it possible even for the healthcare provider to treat the patient more proactively. The system includes not only a Wi-Fi connection but also alarms for critical conditions and automatic adjustments based on patient vitals as the major mechanisms of the safety system they have, which are also the basic measures to be taken to avoid risks associated with drug administration minimized. The report focuses on the importance of providing IoT technologies in the field of healthcare, stating the ways the infusion pump can link to other medical devices and connect with electronic health records (EHRs) to build a comprehensive patient management ecosystem. The discovery states that the infusion pump set forth will help the patients not only get well but innovations in this sector will have to be for some upcoming time with their distinction in scalability and interoperability which shows us the path of ultimate Hea. In conclusion, the IoT-enabled infusion pump system represents a big step forward in personalized medicine by improving the accuracy, safety, and efficiency of drug delivery besides addressing the limitations of the current systems.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Dr. G. Sudha, K. Deenadayalan, K. Gopi, A. Mohan Prathap, S. Rahul. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.