IOT Based Smart Helmet

Abstract

This project presents the design and development of a smart helmet equipped with gas, temperature,andhumiditysensors,alongwithamicrocontrollerunitanda16x2display.Thehelmetisdesigned to be worn by miners and workers in other industrial settings to provide real-time data on their immediate environment. The helmet\'s microcontroller unit, based on the NodeMCU, collects data from the sensors and displays it on the helmet\'s display, allowing the user to monitor the conditions around them.In addition to local monitoring, the helmet\'s data can be transmitted to a web or mobile application, providing remotemonitoringandalertingfeatures.Theapplicationcangeneratealertsignalsonabuzzerinresponsetohigh concentrations of harmful gases, ensuring that the user is aware of potential hazards in their surroundings.The results of the project demonstrate the feasibility of a low-cost, wearable device that can improve safety and awarenessforworkersinhazardousenvironments.Thesmarthelmetisversatile,anditsdesigncanbeadaptedto differentindustrialapplications.Thisprojectlaysthefoundationforfutureresearchanddevelopmentinthefield of wearable technology for occupational safety. This project aims to develop a smart helmet that can be used for miners and various other industrial uses. The helmet is equipped with a gas sensor, a DHT temperature and humidity sensor, and a 16x2 display. The main microcontroller unit used in this project is NodeMCU, which facilitates the display of data on a web or mobile app. The web and mobile app also have the functionality to generate alert signals on a buzzer. The gas sensor installed in the helmet can detect high concentrations of harmful gas and trigger the buzzer to generate an alert signal.Thehelmetcanhelpimprovethesafetyofminersandotherindustrialworkersbyprovidingreal-timedata on gas levels, temperature, and humidity.This project can be further developed to incorporate more sensors and features to enhance its functionality and application in various industries.

Introduction

I. Overview

Industrial and mining workers operate in hazardous environments where exposure to toxic gases, extreme temperatures, and high humidity can pose severe health and safety risks. To address these challenges, this project introduces a Smart Helmet that monitors environmental conditions in real time using IoT-based technology.

II. Key Features

• Sensors Used:

  • Gas Sensor – Detects harmful gases like CO, CH?, NOx.

  • DHT Sensor – Measures temperature and humidity.

  • 16x2 LCD Display – Shows real-time data to the wearer.

• Controller:

  • NodeMCU (ESP8266-based microcontroller) processes sensor data and enables web/mobile connectivity.

• Alert System:

  • A buzzer triggers alerts when gas levels exceed safe thresholds.

  • Real-time alerts and data visualization available via web and mobile app.

III. Problem Statement

Traditional safety measures in mines and industrial plants (e.g., ventilation, protective gear) are not always sufficient. There is a need for real-time monitoring of environmental hazards to:

• Prevent respiratory problems, heat stroke, and accidents.

• Provide workers with instant feedback and alerts.

• Enhance safety through remote supervision.

IV. Objectives

• To design a smart helmet that provides:

  • Real-time environmental monitoring.

  • Local display of temperature, humidity, and gas concentration.

  • Remote alerts through web/mobile interfaces.

• To improve safety, awareness, and response time in hazardous work environments.

V. Literature Review Highlights

The project is supported by a body of research in:

• IoT-enabled smart helmets for coal mines and chemical plants.

• Systems incorporating wireless sensors, location tracking, and environmental monitoring.

• Use of wearable technology to reduce risk in confined spaces.

VI. Working Mechanism

1. Sensors monitor the air continuously.

2. Data is sent to the NodeMCU, which:

   • Displays values on the helmet.

   • Transmits readings to a web/mobile app.

3. If gas levels exceed safety thresholds:

   • A buzzer sounds.

   • An alert is pushed to connected devices.

4. Workers can take action immediately based on the feedback.

VII. Testing

• System Testing: Verified sensor response and data transmission.

• Black Box Testing: Focused on input-output behavior without examining internal code, ensuring that alerts and displays work as expected.

VIII. Future Scope

• Integration with additional sensors (e.g., motion, GPS).

• Expansion to other hazardous industries like chemical processing and oil refineries.

• Use of AI/ML for predictive alerts and enhanced decision-making.

Conclusion

Inconclusion,thesmarthelmetwithgassensorsandotherenvironmentalsensorsisavaluabletoolformonitoring the environmentanddetectinghazardsin real-time.Theproject\'sobjective istoprovide asafety system thatcan be used in different industries, such as mining, construction, and agriculture.The smarthelmet is equipped with gassensors, DHTtemperature, andhumidity sensors, whichcontinuously monitor the environmentand providereal-time data. The data is displayed on a 16x2 display and can be accessed through a web or mobile app. The web and mobile app can also generate alerts on a buzzer, providing early warning and enabling users to take appropriate safety measures. The project involves designing and implementing the hardware components, including the NodeMCU microcontroller, gas sensors, and display. The software involves programming the microcontroller, developing the web and mobile app, and processing the data generated by the sensors. The project has several advantages, including real-time monitoring, early warning, mobility, customizability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use. However, it also has potential disadvantages, such as limited range, false alarms, maintenance requirements, power supply, data processing, and user acceptance.

References

[1] \"DevelopmentofanIoT-basedsmarthelmetforindustrialsafety,\"byV.PadmavathyandK.Ramesh, in International Journal of Applied Engineering Research (2019). [2] \"SmartHelmetforCoalMinesSafetyMonitoringandAlertingSystem\"byPriyankaBhandari,Shivani Singh, and Manoj Kumar Sain, in Procedia Computer Science (2018). [3] \"DesignandimplementationofawearableIoTsystemforhazardousenvironments\"byTariqulIslam and M. A. Bashar, in Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (2019). [4] \"Designanddevelopmentofasmarthelmetforreal-timemonitoringofhazardousgasesin undergroundmines\"byT.J.Jeyakumar,S.R.Kanthavel,andG.Venkatesan,inJournalof Environmental Chemical Engineering (2020). [5] \"IoT-basedsmarthelmetforcoalminersusingairqualitysensorsandwirelesssensornetwork\"byM. Arshad, A. Sajid, and S. S. Ahmad, in Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing (2020). [6] \"Asmarthelmetwithenvironmentalsensingandlocationtrackingforworkersafetyinconfined spaces\" by M. Z. Ali, A. Al-Haiqi, and A. Ahmed, in Sustainable Cities and Society (2019). [7] \"Smarthelmetsystemformonitoringworkersinhazardousenvironments\"byS.L.Navarro,R.A.de laCalleja,andJ.L.Rodriguez-Diaz,inProceedingsofthe2018IEEEInternationalAutumnMeeting on Power, Electronics and Computing (ROPEC) (2018). [8] \"IoT-basedsmarthelmetforreal-timemonitoringofenvironmentalparametersinindustrialplants\" byA.L.Bonilla-Montenegro,S.R.Muñoz-Velasco,andJ.R.Orozco-Arias,inProceedingsofthe2018 IEEE Colombian Conference on Communications and Computing (COLCOM) (2018). [9] \"Smarthelmetforminingindustrysafety\"byA.N.G.Gomes,E.R.L.Ignacio,andM.R.Macedo,in Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Colombian Conference on Robotics and Automation (CCRA) (2019). [10] \"Wearablesafetyhelmetswithwirelesssensinganddataacquisitionforhazardousworkenvironments\" by M. Z. Ali, A. Al-Haiqi, and A. Ahmed, in Sensors (2018).

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Prof. H. R. Dhananjay, Dhanamma Dolle, Saipranay Tumma , Jivan Mane, Pooja Gavali. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.