IOT Based Wireless Power Transfer for EV

Abstract

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology has emerged as a promising solution for charging electric vehicles (EVs), offering enhanced convenience, safety, and reliability compared to conventional wired charging methods. This paper presents an overview of wireless power transfer systems for electric vehicle applications, focusing on inductive and resonant coupling techniques that enable efficient energy transmission across an air gap. Key components of WPT systems, including power electronics, coupling coils, compensation networks, and control strategies, are discussed in detail. The performance of wireless charging is evaluated in terms of power transfer efficiency, alignment tolerance, electromagnetic compatibility, and system scalability. Additionally, challenges such as coil misalignment, power losses, electromagnetic field exposure, and infrastructure cost are analyzed. Recent advancements in dynamic wireless charging, standardization efforts, and integration with smart grid technologies are also highlighted.

Introduction

Here is a concise summary of the text:

The project presents a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)-based charging system for electric vehicles (EVs) as a safer and more convenient alternative to conventional wired charging. While EV adoption is increasing due to rising fuel costs and environmental concerns, traditional plug-in charging systems can be inconvenient, require maintenance, and pose safety risks in wet or dusty environments. Wireless charging addresses these issues by enabling contactless energy transfer and improving user convenience.

The system operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. AC power is first converted to DC, then inverted into high-frequency AC, which flows through a transmitter coil to generate an alternating magnetic field. A receiver coil in the vehicle captures this magnetic field and converts it back into electrical energy to charge the battery. The system integrates IoT technology for remote monitoring, control, and optimization of the charging process.

Key hardware components include transmitter and receiver coils, a microcontroller (ESP32/Arduino), rectifier and voltage regulator, Li-ion battery, current and voltage sensors, and an IoT platform (e.g., Blynk or ThingSpeak). Software tools include Arduino IDE, Embedded C/C++, and cloud-based dashboards or mobile applications.

Performance results indicate:

• 85–90% efficiency under ideal alignment

• Above 75% efficiency under misalignment

• ±5% output voltage variation

• 8–12 cm air gap tolerance

• Compliance with electromagnetic safety limits

Applications include electric two-wheelers, cars, smart parking areas, public EV charging stations, and autonomous vehicles. Future scope includes high-power fast charging, solar-integrated systems, AI-based automatic alignment, smart grid integration, and dynamic wireless charging on roads.

Advantages include contactless operation, safety, low maintenance, and smart IoT monitoring. Limitations involve limited transfer distance, efficiency loss due to coil misalignment, and higher initial installation cost.

Conclusion

The IoT-based wireless power transfer system for EVs provides a modern, safe, and efficient solution for electric vehicle charging. The integration of IoT enables remote monitoring and control, making the system suitable for future smart transportation infrastructure.

Copyright

Copyright © 2026 Sonal Bhar, Varshit Parlapelli, Nandini Zade, Vishakha Uikey, Khushbu Prasad, Pooja Varma, Balvir Chand. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.