IoT-Enabled Autonomous Smart Plant Box for Precision Agriculture

Abstract

IoT-Enabled Autonomous smart plant box for Precise agriculture mainly aims on developing a self-controlled environment for plant using IoT. A Raspberry Pi plays as the controller Role by processing data from sensors to automate the plant requirement like watering, lighting, and air circulation and more. This involves many sensors to monitor and control environmental conditions like temperature, soil moisture, light intensity and humidity. This reduces human involvement and water wastage during the plant growth and development. A web dashboard gives with real-time data monitoring and remote controlling abilities of the Plant environmental conditions and development. This involves the electronics, coding, IoT, and biology. This makes it a platform for STEM learning and scientific research and development.

Introduction

The text presents the design and implementation of an IoT-enabled autonomous smart plant box aimed at supporting sustainable living and precise agriculture in urban and indoor environments. Due to urbanization, busy lifestyles, and limited gardening expertise, traditional manual plant care has become impractical, despite the well-known benefits of plants such as improved air quality, stress reduction, and aesthetic enhancement. Maintaining optimal conditions for plant growth requires continuous monitoring of factors like soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and light, which this project seeks to automate.

The proposed system uses a Raspberry Pi as the central controller, integrated with sensors for temperature, humidity, light intensity, soil moisture, and water level. Actuators such as LED grow lights, a water pump, a humidifier, and a fan are controlled through relays to maintain ideal environmental conditions. A camera module enables visual monitoring and time-lapse observation of plant growth. Sensor data is collected in real time, displayed on a Flask-based web dashboard, and stored in the cloud for long-term analysis and trend evaluation.

The methodology includes system planning, hardware selection, sensor integration, cloud-based data logging, testing, and calibration. Key objectives are to automate plant care tasks, optimize water and environmental management using sensor data, enable remote monitoring and control, and establish a data analytics framework to improve plant health and resource efficiency.

Results show that the prototype effectively maintains optimal growing conditions with minimal human intervention. Real-time monitoring, reliable automation, and cloud-based data logging improve plant health, reduce water wastage, and enhance user convenience. Overall, the project demonstrates a practical application of IoT and automation for smart home gardening and precision agriculture, contributing to sustainable and efficient plant care.

Conclusion

The IoT-Enabled Autonomous smart plant box for Precise agriculture gives a successful implementation of a Controlled Environment platform driven by IoT technology. The prototype effectively includes a Raspberry Pi controller with different sensors and actuators to achieve real-time monitoring and automated control of environmental factors like humidity, light intensity soil moisture, and temperature. This system has its operational web dashboard, which shows reliable data logging and remote accessibility. By achieving precise resource management and continuous environmental optimization, the project fulfils its main objectives of enhancing plant health and productivity while laying a strong basement for future expansion into AI-driven predictive control, advanced nutrient management.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Anusha D Y, Charan U, Darshan K, Darshan V, Sandeep M. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.