IoT Enabled Climate Monitoring System for Vineyard

Abstract

Agriculture is the significant economic activity in India.80% Indians are depending on agriculture and its products directly or indirectly. 16% of total GDP contributes agriculture in India. Agriculture is mostly depending on monsoon. Environmental changes affect on crop field and its productivity. In India, Maharashtra is the well-known state for fruit production. Bananas, Grapes, Papayas, Oranges and many more fruits are produced as well as exports to the other countries. Among them grapes are produced in Maharashtra in large amount. It is the profitable economic activity but the grape crops are very sensitive to the is 100C to 400C. The grape crops can handle rise in temperature but temperature below 100C affect severely on crops. For proper growth of grape crops, the ideal temperature range and high humidity affect on production. In winter below 100C temperature, the leaves become blackish, crops tend to stop the growing and affecting the overall production. So, to maintain the temperature is very important task. The farmers can control the temperature by their own traditional strategies like to cover the stems with hey or remaining part of sugarcane and many other methods, if they know the exact temperature of the field.In the present work, the temperature monitoring system developed for grape horticulture by using sensor and IoT technology. In the system, temperature sensor LM35 used for detecting the temperature of the field. The microprocessor PIC16F877A processed the data and sent to the server by using ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module. If the temperature goes down or up of the predefined level which is set to the microcontroller then the SMS goes to the farmer’s smartphone. Farmer can take immediate control action for temperature management in the crop field.

Introduction

Importance of Agriculture in India

Agriculture is a vital sector in India, contributing 16% to the country's GDP and employing around 80% of the population. Maharashtra plays a significant role, especially in fruit production—most notably grapes, which are exported internationally. However, grape farming is highly sensitive to environmental conditions, particularly temperature, with optimal growth between 10°C and 40°C. Temperatures below 10°C can damage crops, reducing yield and quality.

II. Problem Statement

Grape crops are adversely affected by low winter temperatures. Damage includes:

• Burned leaves

• Cracked or blackened grapes

• Reduced fruit development
  Hence, monitoring and managing field temperature is critical to protect crops and minimize loss.

III. Proposed Solution: IoT-Based Smart Agriculture System

The proposed solution involves integrating IoT and sensor technology to monitor environmental parameters, particularly temperature, in grape fields. The system uses:

• LM35A temperature sensor to measure field temperature

• PIC16F877A microcontroller to process sensor data

• ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to transmit data to the cloud

• LCD display for on-site temperature visibility

• Smartphone alerts to inform farmers in real time

Farmers can use this data to take immediate, traditional remedial actions (e.g., covering plants with sugarcane leaves or hay) to regulate temperature and protect crops.

IV. Literature Review Insights

Several researchers have proposed similar IoT-based systems for agriculture:

• Nikesh Gondchawar et al.: Robot-assisted system for monitoring and bird/animal control.

• Dr. N. Suma et al.: Remote monitoring of multiple parameters including irrigation.

• R. Nageswara Rao et al.: Automated irrigation based on soil conditions.

• Prosanjeet Sarkar et al.: Data collection via ESP8266 for remote farm management.

• Raju Bhowmik: Arduino-based greenhouse monitoring.

• A. Salleh: Zigbee-based wireless greenhouse system.

These systems improve monitoring of key factors like temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and pest control for better decision-making and resource optimization.

V. Methodology

• System Architecture: Sensors → Microcontroller → Cloud → Mobile Alerts

• The LM35A sensor measures temperature and sends analog data.

• Microcontroller processes the data, compares it with safe thresholds, and sends alerts if the range is exceeded.

• Wi-Fi module ensures data is accessible remotely.

• Farmers get real-time updates and can act accordingly.

VI. Results and Discussion

• The system effectively senses and reports low-temperature risks in grape fields.

• Farmers receive real-time alerts via smartphones, enabling immediate action.

• Implementation led to better crop protection, increased efficiency, and productivity.

• It showcases a shift from traditional to smart agriculture using IoT.

Conclusion

For monitoring the temperature in the grapes horticulture, the system is developed. The temperature sensor LM35A sensed the temperature and the output of the sensor sent to the microcontroller PIC16F877A through signal conditioning. The temperature sensor, Wi-Fi module ESP8266 and LCD display successfully interfaced with PIC16F877A microcontroller and communication link developed between microcontroller and wi-fi module. The data regarding temperature stored successfully on the cloud storage. The system is the solution to the variations in temperature for the grapes horticulture. The system is free from human interference. The automated system saves the efforts and time of the farmer. The system can definitely improve the crops and overall, the grapes production.

References

[1] Kekane Maruti Arjun, Indian Agriculture – Status, Importance and Role in Indian Economy, International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Technology, Research India Publications, ISSN: 2249-3050, 2013, Vol.04, Number 04, pp. 343-346. [2] Nikesh Gondchawar, Prof. Dr. R.S. Kawitkar, IoT based Smart agriculture, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering (IJARCCE), June 2006, Vol. 5, Issue 6, ISSN (online) 2278-1021, ISSN (print) 23195940, pp. 838-842. [3] Dr. N.Suma, Sandra Rhea Samson, S.Saranya, G.Shanmugapriya, R. Subhashri, IoT Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring System, International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication (IJRITCC), Feb.2017, Vol.5, Issue 2, pp. 177-181. [4] R. Nageswara Rao, B. Sridhar, IoT Based Smart Crop-field Monitoring and Automation Irrigation System, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC 2018), IEEE Xplore Compliant, 2018, pp.478-483. [5] Prosanjeet J. Sarkar, Satyanarayana Changala, A Survey on IoT based Digital Agricultural Monitoring System and their Impact on Optimal Utilization of Resources, IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE), Jan-Feb.2016, Vol.11, Issue 1, Ver. II, pp.01-04. [6] Raju Bhowmik, Ajita Pathak, An Arduino based WSN to Control and Monitor the Greenhouse Parameters, International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), March 2017, Vol.05, Issue: 03, pp.no. 1501-1508. [7] A.Salleh, M.K.Ismail, N.R. Mohamad, M.Z.A Abd Aziz, M.A. Othman, M.H. Misran, Development of Greenhouse Monitoring using WSN through Zigbee Technology, July 2013, Vol.2, Issue 7, pp. 06-12.

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Ashwini S. Patil, S. R. Patil, Shivali S. Suryavanshi, S. R. Kumbhar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.