IOT Human Prison Escape Alerting System

Abstract

The rising incidents of prison escapes gives to requirement of a real time monitoring technique to make prisons more secure. This article discusses an IoT Human Prison Escape Alerting System that uses Radio Frequency (RF) technology along with Internet of Things to monitor events involving prisoners. This highlights the importance of a reliable system. In the proposed method, each prisoner carries an RF transmitter that sends a unique identification signal to a central monitoring unit at regular intervals. These signals are read by a device based on microcontrollers that ensures that all prisoners are inside the locked area. The technology sends real time messages to the IoT platform through a Wi-Fi enabled module and instantly activates local alarms with a buzzer and display unit in the event of signal loss, indicating a possible escape attempt. This enables authorities to monitor the situation remotely and respond quickly. The I2C Protocol was incorporated for effective communication between system components such as the microcontroller and display unit. The proposed approach has several advantages such as reduced human intervention, real time surveillance, reduced response time and economical deployment. The experimental results demonstrate that the technology can efficiently detect illegal exits, provide instant alarms, and improve the overall security of jails. This work presents a scalable and effective solution to the management of modern correctional facilities and can be expanded in the future with emerging technologies such as GPS tracking and AI-based surveillance.

Introduction

The text describes an IoT-based prisoner monitoring system designed to improve jail security and quickly detect escape attempts. Traditional surveillance methods like CCTV and manual patrolling are often slow and unreliable, while existing technologies such as RF systems and WSNs still lack strong real-time alerting and remote monitoring capabilities.

To address these issues, the proposed system uses RF transmitters attached to each prisoner, each sending a unique ID signal to a centralized receiver. A microcontroller continuously checks whether all signals are present. If any signal is missing, it is interpreted as a possible escape attempt, triggering immediate alerts such as a buzzer, display warning, and IoT notifications.

The system also integrates an online monitoring platform (such as Blynk IoT) to send real-time alerts to authorities, enabling faster response.

The methodology includes continuous RF signal monitoring, comparison with stored prisoner data, and automated alert generation when irregularities are detected. The software workflow involves system initialization, signal reception, verification, and alert triggering.

Conclusion

The recommended IoT-based jail Break Monitoring and Alerting System is a reliable and efficient solution for increasing the jail security. By fusing RF/Wi-Fi technology with the IoT, the system ensures continuous prisoner monitoring and timely detection of escape attempts. By allowing authorities to respond quickly, the real-time alert system reduces danger and improves overall surveillance. Additionally, the system lowers human intervention and offers a scalable, cost-effective way to manage modern prisons. The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into the design of correctional facilities has resulted in a substantial change from traditional, human-centred surveillance to autonomous, sensor-driven oversight. To address the persistent issues of perimeter breaches and unauthorized inmate mobility, distributed embedded technologies are becoming increasingly crucial in contemporary jail administration. The system under investigation in this study combines a master-slave architecture with ESP32 microcontrollers integrated with MC-38 magnetic reed sensors to create a real-time warning network. This technological synthesis evaluates the performance of the configuration, provides a comprehensive future scope for the next generation of smart jail security, and derives significant conclusions from testing data. The current prototype is an initial stage in the development of a \"Smart Penitentiary Facility.\" The future scope of this project involves merging distributed ledger technology, artificial intelligence, and advanced communication protocols to create a completely autonomous security environment. The main limitations of the system are the short range and poor penetration of the 2.4 GHz signal. In furture generations, the master-slave link will either be improved or replaced with LoRa (Long Range) technology.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2026 Swara Nagpure, Radha Suple, Sweta Mane, Ojas Ganvir, Snehal Thorat. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.