Isolation and Screening of Lipase Producing Bacteria from Oil Spilled Soils of Bilaspur District (C. G.)

Abstract

The present investigation focuses on the attempt of obtaining potential lipase-producing bacteria from oil spill soil samples of Bilaspur district. Primary screening of lipolytic activity on agar plates was done with certain substrates such as tributyrin. A total of the 52 bacterial Lipase producers were isolated from 06 different oil spilled soil samples of Bilaspur district. Out of 52 lipase producing bacteria, 10 isolates showed high lipase activity. One of the ten isolated strain exhibited a greater zone of clearance, indicating higher lipase activity. It was further characterized and identified morphologically and biochemically. Isolate S6C2(a) showed maximum zone of clearance (3cm) when plated on tributyrin agar base, upon incubation period 24 hrs. and gave positive test for catalase, cellulose, amylase, protease and urease while do not produce acid in glucose peptone broth therefore were MR negative.

Introduction

Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) is a widely found enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids, with significant physiological and industrial importance. Initially discovered in 1856, lipases are present in microorganisms, plants, and animals. Microbial lipases, especially from bacteria, are favored in industries due to their stability, selectivity, and broad substrate range. Various bacteria genera such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and others are known lipase producers. These microbes are isolated from diverse environments including oil-contaminated soils, industrial wastes, and vegetable oil factories.

The study involved isolating lipase-producing bacteria from oil and fat contaminated soils in Bilaspur, India, using tributyrin agar medium. A total of 52 lipolytic bacterial isolates, mostly Gram-positive rods, were identified. Their lipase activity was screened by the formation of clear zones on tributyrin agar plates, indicating lipid hydrolysis. The isolate labeled S6C2(a) showed the highest lipolytic potential with a 3 cm zone of clearance.

The research underscores the abundance of lipase-producing bacteria in oil-contaminated soils and highlights the industrial demand for novel, high-yield lipase producers. The findings align with other studies confirming the diversity and lipolytic potential of bacteria from contaminated environments, which could be harnessed for industrial enzyme production and bioremediation.

Conclusion

Lipases have been used for the degradation of wastewater contaminants such as olive oil from oil mills (Vitolo et al.,1998). Therefore, lipase producing isolates can be further screened for lipase production and could be employed directly as scavenger of oil contaminants in soil and waste water.

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