Mobile Voting Framework Using Blockchain Technology and Multi-Factor Authentication

Abstract

Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain Proposes Open, Tamper-proof, and Secure A blockchain-based election platform that does away with fraud and provides anonymity for the voter. The system features by integrating safe voter authentication with JWT and utilizing Ethereum\'s decentralized architecture. A simple user interface would allow voters to vote by remote control while a reliable alternative to the existing voting mechanism An admin panel facilitates election management. The project demonstrates the capabilities of blockchain in revolutionizing the voting Process with transparency, security, and efficiency.

Introduction

1. Introduction & Motivation

The integrity of elections is essential for democracy, yet traditional and centralized e-voting systems are prone to:

• Tampering, fraud, and DDoS attacks

• Lack of transparency

• Central authority manipulation

To address these issues, the project proposes a Decentralized Voting System using Ethereum Blockchain and Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), enabling secure, transparent, and tamper-proof mobile voting.

2. Core Features of the Proposed System

A. Blockchain Integration

• Uses Ethereum Blockchain for storing votes immutably.

• Ensures decentralization, transparency, and resistance to tampering or unauthorized changes.

• Transactions (votes) are recorded permanently, making reversal or deletion computationally improbable.

B. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

Strengthens voter identity verification through:

1. Something you know – Password or PIN

2. Something you are – Biometric data

3. Something you have – Device-based verification

MFA protects the voting system against unauthorized access and impersonation.

C. Mobile Accessibility & Usability

• Optimized for mobile devices, even though mobile phones can’t act as blockchain nodes.

• Utilizes Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS) and cloud computing to offload heavy processing tasks.

• Ensures ease of use with a clean, responsive user interface built with React.js.

3. System Architecture & Technologies

Frontend:

• Built with React.js for interactive voting experience.

Backend:

• FastAPI for managing APIs

• Node.js for server-side logic

Blockchain Layer:

• Ethereum Blockchain handles vote recording via Solidity smart contracts

• MetaMask used for blockchain interaction

Database:

• MySQL for storing non-sensitive data (voter profiles, candidate info)

• JWT-based voter authentication

Candidate & Election Management:

• Admin panel for managing candidate registration and overseeing election process

• Smart contracts manage vote casting and automated result compilation

4. Challenges Addressed

• Prevents vote tampering through immutable blockchain records

• Avoids centralized vulnerabilities like insider threats or single-point failure

• Enhances voter trust and transparency

• Scales securely with the help of cloud infrastructure (BaaS)

5. Literature Review Highlights

• Roy & Gupta (2020): Proposed blockchain voting but lacked real-time and two-factor solutions.

• Nair & Menon (2021): Focused on 2FA but lacked large-scale evaluation.

• Patel & Reddy (2022): Explored blockchain's anonymity benefits but didn’t address usability or cost.

6. Results & Evaluation

The implemented system offers:

• Secure, anonymous voting

• Tamper-proof, real-time recording on the Ethereum ledger

• Transparent, automated result compilation

• Effective voter authentication and registration

• Admin tools for managing candidates and viewing results

System testing confirms:

• Voter verification is effective

• Voter registration is immutable

• Result computation is accurate and visible in real-time

Conclusion

Decentralized Voting System using Ethereum Blockchain: The key to conducting safe and transparent elections. Combining blockchain technology with strong authentication and authorization, the system addresses other challenges like tampering and lack of trust in traditional voting methods. This project shows the possibilities\' blockchain can bring about a revolution in the electoral. This makes the process safer, more transparent, and accessible.

References

[1] Nakamoto, S. (2008). \"Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.\" [2] Buterin, V. (2014). \"Ethereum White Paper: A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform. [3] \"Solidity Documentation,\" Ethereum Foundation. [4] \"Fast API Documentation, Sebastián Ramírez.\". [5] \"JSON Web Tokens (JWT): An Introduction,\"

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Prof. Ashish D. Thengare, Mayur Bhure, Sunny Mankar, Aditya Samarth, Kamesh Sarode, Bhagyashree Bondre. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.