Optimizing Effluent Quality: A Multifaceted Approach to Reduce TDS in Food Industry ETPs

Abstract

This study delves into strategies aimed at reducing Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in water sources throughout Andhra Pradesh, India, with a specific focus on Vijayawada, Rajahmundry, Bapatla, Nellore, and Rangampeta. These locations represent a spectrum of water quality challenges, reflecting the diverse nature of TDS issues across the state. Our investigation spans various TDS reduction techniques, encompassing conventional methods such as Borax Powder and Multi-Effect Evaporators, natural alternatives like Vetiver Root, Gooseberry Bark, and Lemon Peel, as well as commercially available options including Peanut Husk, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Sulphate, and Sodium EDTA Solution. The overarching objective is to develop a practical framework for optimal TDS reduction strategies tailored to the unique factors of each location. Through rigorous evaluation of the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of each technique, we aim to empower stakeholders with the necessary insights for informed decision-making in clean water management across Andhra Pradesh. By conducting a comparative analysis of conventional, natural, and commercial methods, this study offers comprehensive insights into addressing TDS issues while considering both effectiveness and economic viability. The strategic selection of these specific locations within Andhra Pradesh facilitates a nuanced understanding of the diverse water quality challenges prevalent within the state. This ensures that the framework developed through this research can effectively address the varied needs and circumstances encountered across different regions. Ultimately, the findings of this study hold the promise of significantly enhancing water quality and accessibility in Andhra Pradesh, while also offering valuable lessons and insights applicable to similar regions grappling with TDS-related issues globally.

Introduction

Effluent water from treatment plants often contains impurities such as organics, dyes, pathogens, antibiotics, and industrial chemicals, which pose environmental and health risks. High levels of substances like bisphenol A and certain antibiotics can cause membrane fouling and treatment challenges. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), which include inorganic and organic dissolved substances, are a critical water quality parameter. Elevated TDS affects water taste, usability in industry and agriculture, and human health, causing corrosion and gastrointestinal issues.

The variability in effluent composition complicates treatment processes. Reducing TDS is essential for safe water use, with several technologies proposed, including carbon electrodes, membrane filtration, and pulsed electric field processing. Accurate TDS measurement can be aided by correlating it with electrical conductivity.

The proposal focuses on addressing high TDS levels in industrial effluents in Andhra Pradesh cities like Vijayawada and Rajahmundry, which limit water usability and affect industrial growth. The study aims to identify, design, and implement effective TDS reduction methods through pilot trials and assess their economic and environmental feasibility, supporting sustainable water use and regional development.

The literature review emphasizes TDS’s role in water quality, its measurement methods, impacts on health and environment, and the need for effective management in various contexts including industry, agriculture, and groundwater.

Conclusion

This experiment successfully compared various methods for reducing total dissolved solids (TDS) in water. While the Multi Effect Evaporator achieved the highest reduction rate, its high cost, energy consumption, and maintenance requirements limit its practicality. Borax powder emerged as the most promising solution. It achieved a significant reduction rate (65.37%) while offering potential advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, and sustainability. This combination makes borax powder a compelling choice for large-scale implementation in facilities seeking to reduce TDS. Therefore, implementing borax powder tanks represents a well-balanced approach. This method offers a combination of efficacy, cost- consciousness, and environmental friendliness, making it a practical solution for targeted TDS reduction.

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Copyright © 2025 Ponnada Shanmukha Pavan Kumar , Abhijit Mangaraj. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.