Review on Niosomes as a Novel Drug Delivery

Abstract

Targeted drug administration, also known as smart drug delivery, is a method of administering medication to a patient in which the concentration of the drug is higher in some parts of the body than in others. a particular way of administering drugs. Targeting, localizing, extending, and establishing a secure pharmaceutical contact with the ill tissue are the system\'s goals. As a result of review and investigation, articles about niosomes have been published in the last decade. This suggests that niosomes\' advantages over other vesicular carrier systems are what have scientists interested. The formation of niosomes occurs when non-ionic surfactant vesicles self- assemble. This article examines how niosomes are currently gaining more and more attention throughout a wide range of scientific fields, especially in relation to their use in medicine.

Introduction

Niosomes are vesicles made from non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol, first used in cosmetics in the 1970s, and have since become important drug delivery systems. They can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs due to their amphiphilic bilayer structure. Niosomes improve drug bioavailability, protect drugs from degradation, enhance skin permeability, and prolong therapeutic effects. However, they have drawbacks like drug aggregation, shorter shelf life, and long preparation times.

Niosomes vary in size and types, including small unilamellar, large unilamellar, multilamellar, aspasomes, proniosomes, bola-surfactant niosomes, and elastic niosomes, each with unique properties and applications. They are composed mainly of cholesterol, non-ionic surfactants, and charged molecules that provide stability.

Key factors influencing niosome formation include surfactant type, drug properties, cholesterol content, and hydration temperature. Several preparation methods exist, such as the bubble method, ether injection, sonication, and membrane extrusion. Characterization techniques include electron microscopy, zeta potential analysis, and stability testing.

Niosomes have broad applications in medicine, including targeted anticancer drug delivery, treatment of neoplasia, peptide drug delivery, hemoglobin carriers, and diagnostic imaging.

Conclusion

Niosomes, a recent technological advancement, exhibit potential in the realms of cancer and infectious disease treatments. Serving as an alternative to liposomes, they offer advantages such as increased chemical stability, enhanced purity, and reduced cost. Niosomes, which are non-ionic surfactant vesicles, influence drug plasma clearance, tissue distribution, metabolism, and cellular interaction. Already employed in cosmetic products, they hold promise for diverse drug delivery applications, such as targeting, ophthalmic, topical, and parenteral. Advanced targeted niosomal systems utilizing active, passive, and magnetic mechanisms have been devised for precise macromolecular drug delivery. Since niosomes don\'t need particular handling or storage conditions, they are thought to be safer and more useful than ionic drug carriers. The Potential for effectively delivering medications to tumor locations is emphasized, especially with activated macrophage support. Even though the current research is restricted to animal studies, more clinical studies are necessary to fully utilize niosomes as efficient medicine carriers for infections, cancer, and other illnesses. Niosomes have a great deal of potential for encapsulating a variety of medications, such as toxic antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, and anti-cancer compounds.

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Copyright © 2025 Mr. Anmol Adsul, Mr. Nitin Gawai, Mr. Omkar Kakade. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.