Development and Assessment of Plant-Based Nano-Fertilizer for Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

The excessive use of conventional chemical fertilizers has led to soil degradation, nutrient imbalance, and environmental pollution, threatening long-term agricultural sustainability. In this context, plant-based nano-fertilizers have emerged as an eco-friendly and efficient alternative for improving crop productivity while minimizing environmental impacts. The present study focuses on the development and assessment of a plant-derived nano-fertilizer synthesized using botanical extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. The green synthesis approach ensures biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, and reduced toxicity compared to chemically synthesized nano-fertilizers. The synthesized nano-fertilizer was characterized using standard physicochemical techniques to determine particle size, morphology, and stability. Its performance was evaluated through pot and field experiments by analyzing key growth parameters, nutrient uptake efficiency, soil health indicators, and yield attributes in selected crops. Results is expected to demonstrated enhanced nutrient use efficiency, improved plant growth, increased chlorophyll content, and higher biomass and yield when compared to conventional fertilizers. Additionally, the nano-fertilizer contributed to improved soil microbial activity and reduced nutrient leaching. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of plant-based nano-fertilizers as a sustainable agricultural input that supports crop productivity while promoting environmental safety and resource conservation. This study provides a promising framework for integrating green nanotechnology into modern farming practices to achieve sustainable agriculture and food security.

Introduction

The text describes a study focused on sustainable agriculture using plant-based nano-fertilizers as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers. It explains that although chemical fertilizers have increased crop yields, their excessive use has caused soil degradation, water pollution, and loss of soil biodiversity. To address these issues, nanotechnology is introduced as a promising solution for improving nutrient efficiency and reducing environmental damage.

Nano-fertilizers can release nutrients in a controlled manner, improve plant uptake, reduce nutrient loss, and increase crop productivity. However, chemically synthesized nanoparticles may be toxic and environmentally unsafe. To overcome this, the study focuses on green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts, which is a safer and more sustainable method.

Plant materials such as Calotropis gigantea, Sesbania grandiflora, and Pongamia glabra are used to prepare extracts containing bioactive compounds like flavonoids, phenols, and proteins. These compounds help in forming and stabilizing zinc nanoparticles without harmful chemicals. The synthesized nanoparticles are then characterized using techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and zeta potential analysis.

The study also evaluates antimicrobial activity using bacteria and fungi, and tests the effect of nanoparticles on plant growth through pot experiments on crops like amaranth, coriander, and cucumber. Growth performance and nutritional quality are assessed using proximate analysis methods, including measurements of moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash, and chlorophyll content.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the development and assessment of plant-based nano-fertilizers highlight a transformative approach to nutrient management in sustainable agriculture. By improving nutrient use efficiency, reducing environmental losses, and promoting eco-friendly production methods, these nano-formulations offer a viable alternative to conventional fertilizers. Continued research and field validation will further establish their role in enhancing food security while safeguarding environmental health.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2026 Reshmi S. K., Pooniladevi P, Dineshkumar M, Ajithkumar S, Dhilipkumar S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.