Portable Limb Volume Monitoring Device for Lymphedema Management

Abstract

Lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by excessive accumulation of lymphatic fluid in tissues, resulting in swelling that can impair limb function and reduce quality of life. Early identification and ongoing monitoring of limb volume are essential for effective management and to prevent irreversible tissue damage. This project introduces a cost-effective, portable device designed to monitor limb volume and detect lymphedema early. The system features an Arduino UNO microcontroller that processes data from ultrasonic sensors positioned around the limb to measure thickness and circumference non-invasively. The ultrasonic sensors work by emitting sound waves and measuring their reflections to accurately estimate limb dimensions, enabling real-time assessment of edema. Data collected is processed and displayed on an integrated LCD screen, providing immediate feedback to users about changes in limb volume. The modular design of the device supports straightforward calibration and portability, with potential extensions for wireless data transmission to facilitate remote monitoring. Validation against standard clinical measurement techniques confirms the reliability and replicability of the device in tracking edema progression. This device provides a practical solution that combines affordable, accessible electronics with non-invasive sensing technology to empower individuals with lymphedema to manage their condition more effectively. It is designed to enhance patient adherence, enable early interventions, and alleviate the clinical burden associated with lymphedema. Future enhancements may include sensor optimization, automated alert features, and integration with smartphone applications to improve usability and clinical relevance further.

Introduction

Lymphedema is a chronic condition caused by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid, leading to swelling, skin changes, and impaired limb function, most commonly in the arms or legs. It often results from lymphatic damage due to surgery, radiation, infection, or genetic defects, with breast cancer treatments being a major secondary cause. Early diagnosis and continuous monitoring are critical, but traditional methods like tape measurements, water displacement, or clinical ultrasonography have limitations in accuracy, accessibility, or convenience.

To address this, a portable, cost-effective device was developed combining ultrasonic and piezoelectric sensors with an Arduino microcontroller. Ultrasonic sensors measure limb circumference, while piezoelectric sensors assess tissue stiffness, allowing estimation of limb volume and edema progression. The device displays real-time results on an LCD/OLED interface and supports wireless data transfer for remote monitoring. Experimental validation against traditional tape and water displacement methods showed high accuracy (±3–4 mm circumference, ±4% volume) and repeatability, with measurements completed in under a minute. The system is portable, user-friendly, and suitable for clinical, home, or community-based lymphedema monitoring, enabling early detection and ongoing treatment evaluation.

Conclusion

The developed digital lymphedema volume assessment device provides an effective, accurate, and affordable solution for monitoring limb swelling. By integrating four ultrasonic sensors and a piezoelectric sensor with an Arduino UNO controller, OLED/LCD display, and Velcro-type contact belt, the system enables real-time, non-invasive, and reliable volume measurement. The ultrasonic sensors capture circumferential data, while the piezoelectric element maintains consistent contact pressure, ensuring precision and repeatability. Compared to conventional methods such as manual tape measurement and water displacement, this device offers a faster, cleaner, and more user-friendly alternative suitable for both clinical and home-based applications. The portable design and digital output make it highly practical for regular use, especially in post-surgical and rehabilitation settings. The system’s ability to deliver immediate feedback and consistent results supports early detection of swelling and timely therapeutic intervention. Its potential integration with mobile or telehealth systems could further enhance long-term patient monitoring and remote healthcare delivery. Overall, the proposed device bridges the gap between accuracy and accessibility in lymphedema assessment. It demonstrates that sensor-based digital technology can significantly improve patient care, allowing continuous tracking, early diagnosis, and better management of lymphedema progression while remaining cost-efficient and easy to operate.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Ms. P. Divya Jenifar , S Rohini, K Abinaya, P Mano Sri Ridha, J Ronal Niward . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.