PV-Battery Based AC/DC Hybrid Multiport LLC converter for Power Routing System

Abstract

This paper presents a PV-Battery Based AC-DC Hybrid Multiport LLC Converter for efficient power routing in smart grids. It integrates a photovoltaic (PV) module, battery energy storage system (BESS), and a multiport LLC resonant converter for seamless power transfer between DC and AC loads. The system employs a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm to optimize PV output, while a bidirectional DC-DC converter manages battery charging and discharging. The LLC converter uses zero-voltage switching (ZVS) for reduced losses, and grid-synchronized bidirectional inverters handle power exchange between the grid and local sources, improving overall efficiency and reliability

Introduction

The increasing global demand for renewable energy and efficient power systems has led to the development of advanced hybrid power conversion technologies. One such innovation is the PV-Battery Based AC-DC Hybrid Multiport LLC Converter, designed to integrate solar photovoltaic (PV) systems with battery energy storage systems (BESS) for stable and reliable power supply.

Key Concepts:

• Challenges with Solar Power: Solar energy is intermittent, requiring energy storage (typically batteries) to ensure continuous power delivery.

• Need for Multiport Converters: A multiport power converter is essential to manage energy flow between PV panels, batteries, AC/DC loads, and the grid.

Proposed Solution:

The system incorporates a multiport LLC resonant converter that:

• Uses zero voltage switching (ZVS) to improve efficiency and reduce switching losses.

• Enables seamless power routing between PV, batteries, and AC/DC loads.

• Uses Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for optimal solar energy extraction.

• Features bidirectional DC-DC and AC-DC converters for efficient energy transfer in both directions.

Advantages:

• High efficiency and low energy loss due to soft-switching.

• Compact system size and reduced component stress.

• Flexible and intelligent energy routing between sources and loads.

• Stable voltage and current regulation.

• Applicable to smart grids, electric vehicle charging stations, microgrids, and off-grid systems.

System Structure:

• LLC Resonant Converter: Performs high-frequency power conversion with low EMI.

• Multiport Architecture: Provides multiple input/output ports for PV, batteries, and AC/DC loads.

• Controller: A PIC16F877A microcontroller manages real-time energy distribution.

Objectives:

1. Develop a high-efficiency power routing system using LLC topology.

2. Optimize power flow using MPPT and hybrid control algorithms.

3. Improve overall system reliability and reduce power losses with soft-switching and harmonic reduction techniques.

Hardware Results:

• A 230V AC input is converted through transformers and regulators to power the control system.

• The system successfully generates both high and low DC voltages along with AC output.

• LED indicators confirm active AC power output.

• Output waveforms demonstrate stable performance for different voltage buses (AC, low-voltage DC, and high-voltage DC).

Conclusion

The implementation of the PV-battery-based AC/DC hybrid multiport LLC resonant converter demonstrates a highly efficient and flexible power management solution for modern energy systems. By integrating photovoltaic (PV) energy and battery storage, the system ensures seamless power distribution to both AC and DC loads, optimizing energy utilization and improving reliability. The LLC resonant converter plays a crucial role in achieving soft-switching, reducing switching losses, and minimizing electromagnetic interference (EMI), leading to high efficiency in power conversion. The proposed multiport configuration enables efficient power routing and dynamic load sharing, ensuring stability under varying source and load conditions. The PIC16F877A microcontroller-based control strategy effectively manages real-time power flow, incorporating Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for optimal PV performance and bidirectional DC-DC conversion for efficient battery management. Experimental results validate the system’s capability in voltage regulation, load adaptability, and overall efficiency, confirming its suitability for practical applications. Overall, the PV-battery-based AC/DC hybrid multiport LLC converter provides a compact, reliable, and highly efficient solution for renewable energy integration in applications such as smart grids, microgrids, electric vehicle charging, and off-grid power systems. Its ability to intelligently manage energy flow and optimize power distribution makes it a promising advancement in hybrid power conversion technology.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Dr. A. Sendil Kumar, M. Kalaimani, P. Nandhan, N. Sabapathy. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.