Real Time Soil Moisture Monitoring Irrigation and Optimization for Agriculture Via IOT

Abstract

In smart irrigation, access to sustainable energy services acts as a catalyst for development. Enabling facility of internet connection for the new possibilities of increasing agricultural cultivation with proper information and guidance, access to clean water, sanitation and nutrition, the growth of productive enterprises to boost farmer’s income. The development of a country depends on the village’s development. Most of the agriculture productivity suffer greatly with unforeseen change in climate. Therefore, farmers need to get appropriate information’s if any sudden climatic disruption occur, it should notify on time to avoid any major damage in agricultural field. As part of the smart irrigation concept, an intelligent system is designed that may help a farmer to get basic facilities/infrastructure by agricultural development. Here an intelligent system is proposed on the fact of farmers getting all relevant details about the improvement in fertilization of soil and agriculture by delivering climate change information’s through an IOT (Internet of Things) devices. These information’s could be handled through website and mobile phones. To ease for farmer understandings all the facts and information related to soil fertilization and climatic alerts are delivered as per their native language / language of their interest. This system may help its members to collaborate and take it to another level of requirement in improving their production capacity. These IOT devices are operated either through solar panel or electric supply appropriately to balance the power requirement across the field.

Introduction

Efficient irrigation is vital for sustainable agriculture, especially in water-scarce regions. The Smart Irrigation Control and Monitoring System using IoT technology automates irrigation by monitoring soil moisture, temperature, and humidity through sensors, displaying real-time data on an LCD, and controlling water pumps remotely via GSM without relying on internet connectivity. This system helps farmers optimize water use, conserve resources, and improve crop yields.

The system integrates soil moisture and temperature/humidity sensors with an Arduino microcontroller, uses a relay module to operate the pump, and allows mode selection between automatic and manual control (via phone calls). It sends SMS notifications with system status, ensuring farmers stay informed.

This IoT-based smart irrigation addresses limitations of traditional manual irrigation—labor intensity, inefficiency, lack of real-time monitoring, and reliance on internet. The system adjusts irrigation based on sensor data and environmental conditions like rain, turning the pump on or off accordingly. It is especially useful in rural or connectivity-challenged areas, supporting smarter water management and agricultural productivity.

Conclusion

The Smart Irrigation Control and Monitoring System Using IoT offers a practical and innovative solution for modern agriculture, especially in regions where water management and network connectivity are significant challenges. By combining automated irrigation with manual remote control, the system optimizes water use, improves labour efficiency, and supports sustainable farming practices. Through real-time monitoring and status updates via SMS, it empowers farmers with the information needed to make informed decisions, thereby enhancing agricultural productivity and resource conservation.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Mamta Rinayat, Anushka Upadhyay, Ashwini Girade, Prof. Anil Ramteke. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.