Research on Real-Time Environmental Parameters Display

Abstract

Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air—pollutants which are harmful to human health and the planet as a whole, such as Carbon Monoxide(CO), Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Fluorinated gases(F-gases), which as a whole affect the climatic changes. As the issue becomes more dominant, it is constantly required to monitor these harmful gases and take necessary actions to eradicate this issue. This system presents the idea of detecting harmful gases in the environment and providing the data to an administrator. The main aim of this system is to achieve pollutant monitoring using wireless sensors connected to the Internet, which send the measurements to a centralised server. Low-power sensors are used to detect the parameters and interact with the microcontroller to process the data. The ultimate goal of this system is to detect harmful gases and monitor the conditions. In this paper, we aim to build a system that can fetch the values of harmful pollutants present in that location and raise an alarm whenever the levels are breached, so that we can effectively monitor the changes and take necessary actions to normalise the pollutant levels

Introduction

The text describes an IoT-based Air Pollution Monitoring System designed to measure air quality in real time and alert users when pollution levels become unsafe.

It begins by highlighting the seriousness of air pollution, especially in urban and industrial areas, where harmful gases like CO?, smoke, benzene, and ammonia contribute to major health issues such as asthma, bronchitis, and heart disease. It emphasizes the need for low-cost, real-time monitoring systems to detect pollution early and reduce health risks.

The proposed system uses an ESP32 microcontroller connected to sensors like the MQ2 gas sensor (for detecting harmful gases and air quality) and the DHT11 sensor (for temperature and humidity monitoring). The system continuously reads environmental data and displays it on a 4-bit LED display, making it easy for users to observe air quality levels in real time.

When pollution exceeds safe thresholds, the system triggers a buzzer alert to warn users immediately. This ensures quick response to dangerous air conditions.

The literature review shows that most existing air quality monitoring systems use IoT, embedded systems, and MQ-series sensors, often combined with cloud platforms for remote monitoring. Some advanced systems also use machine learning for prediction and analytics, while others focus on cost-effective real-time detection using microcontrollers like Arduino and ESP modules. However, challenges such as internet dependency, limited sensor scope, and lack of advanced intelligence are still present.

Conclusion

The Real-Time Environmental Parameters Display system successfully demonstrates an efficient and reliable method for monitoring critical environmental factors such as CO? concentration, dust particles, temperature, and humidity. By integrating ESP32, MQ2 sensors, and DHT11, the system provides accurate, real-time data and triggers a buzzer alert whenever thresholds are exceeded, ensuring timely warning of unsafe conditions. The paper highlights the effectiveness of embedded systems for environmental monitoring, offering a cost-effective, portable, and user-friendly solution. Overall, the system fulfills its objectives by enhancing awareness of environmental conditions, improving safety, and providing a practical platform and advanced predictive features for broader applications in homes, industries, and public spaces.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2026 Ms. Avantika K. Yerawar, Ms. Riya S. Wankhede, Mr. Lokesh K. Chirde, Ms. Tanvi A. Bijwe, Mr. Pranay V. Jadhao, Mr. Uday P. Nalhe, Ms. Gauri B. Chapke, Dr. P. M. Pandit. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.