Authors: Gaykwad Anil Dadasaheb, Ashwini Bhivsane, Dr. Gajanan Sanap
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.57399
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Calotropis gigantea (Crown flower) commonly called as ‘Madar’ is a milkweed available in India,Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The plant is belonging to Apocynaceae family which includes latex bearing plant. It is an important medicinal plant and widely used in Ayurveda for management of varioushealthhazards. Current study is aimed at the identification of the phytoconstituents present in the plant. It wasobserved that the plant mainly contains phenolics, terpenoids and flavonoids. The plant has also shown antimicrobial activity. The presence of flavonoids in the plant was further evaluated light protection function. The methanol extract of the leaves was observed to show effective UV absorption in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 400 nm using a UV spectrophotometer. This can be helpful in designing UV dermatological applications.
I. INTRODUCTION
Plants have been an important part of human health since ancient times. Folk medicine is an important area of ??focus for health research on poisonous and non-poisonous plants. Ethnobotany is the study of natural and traditional relationships between man, plants and his domesticated animals (P.C Trivedi, 2006). Two species of Calotropis of the family Asclepiadaceae (subfamily Apocinaceae), i.e. Calotropis procera Ait. and Calotropis gigantea (Linn) R.Br. they are considered the botanical equivalents of Arka and Shweta Arka. Both receive extensive therapeutic claims in traditional Indian systems of medicine. The genus Calotropis, consisting of two species, accounts for 90% of the population of South Asian countries. Bangladesh, Burma, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand and Sri Lanka (S.Sarkar, 2014). Both species are mostly succulent succulent shrubs found all over India, mostly along roadsides, wastelands and dry areas. Due to their easy and abundant availability, both plants were part of traditional use for economic, health and sacred purposes. Both plants have therapeutic value and are ingredients in various Ayurvedic formulations referred to in classical texts like Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita etc. A number of claims have been reported in studies conducted in tribal areas of various Indian states. First-hand knowledge of the ethnomedicinal sacred use of both species of Calotropis, i.e., Arka, is still lacking. Therefore, this article has made a serious effort to bring together scientific journals, research reports, etc. All ethnobotanical uses reported in both botanical sources of Arka are compiled from a total of 22 ethnobotanical books and 20 ethnomedical research articles. [04] Figure 1: Calotropis gigantea Kadiyala et al. (2013) reported phytochemical and pharmacological studies on C. gigantea. However, a comprehensive review of the available literature indicates that the above review of C. gigantea needs to be updated to include ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological reports that have not been addressed. References Kadiyala et al. (2013) are not included in this work. [12]
A. Taxonomical Classification
B. Cultural Importance
Calotropis gigantea flowers are offered to the Hindu gods Shiva, Ganesha and Hanuman. traditionally [08]
C. Chemical Components:
Plant Parts And Chemical Constituents
Root - : calotroposides A-G calotropnaphthalene, calotrope erpenol.
Root bark: β-amirin, giganteol, isogiganteol and cardenolides
Flower - : α- and β-calotropeol, amyrin, glycosides, mudarin, asclepine, acundarin
Leaves -: Sapogenins, calotropin, uscarin, calotoxin, alkaloids and mudarin
Latex -: Calotoxin, calactin, calotropin, uscarin, α- and β-calotropol and calcium oxalate
Seeds - : palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, stigmasterol, phytosterol,
Stem bark -: α- and β-calotropeol, β-amirin and giant [03]
D. Biological Source, Geographical Source
Calotropis grows untamed up to 900 meters (msl) throughout the country and is quite drought and salt tolerant. Loves disturbed sandy soil with an average annual rainfall of 300-400 mm It grows easily as a weed on degraded roads, lagoon edges and overgrazed natural grasslands with seeds dispersed by wind and animals. It prefers abandoned agricultural areas and often dominates there, especially in areas with degraded sandy soil and low rainfall. It is believed to be a sign of overbreeding C. gigantea is native to South Asia and Indochina, as well as Madagascar, Arabia, West Africa, North and East Africa, Macaronesia and South Asia. In Australia, Central America, North America, South America and the Caribbean, the plant is a native species for all.[10]
E. Natural habitat
Calotropis tolerates drought with a relatively high salt tolerance, grows wild up to 900 meters (msl) throughout the country [6] and prefers disturbed sandy soil with an average annual rainfall of: 300–400 mm. By seeds spread by wind and animals it quickly establishes itself as a weed along dilapidated roadsides, lagoon shores and overgrazed native pastures. It prefers and often dominates in abandoned cultivated areas, especially disturbed sandy soils with low rainfall. This is assumed to be an indicator of overbreeding [11]
VII. USES
Asthma, abortion, cancer treatment, drugs, central nervous system, epilepsy, eczema, heartburn, fever, leprosy, migraine. Finally, the result of these useful ethanol extracts of Calotropis giganteani. The plant is purgative, anthelmintic, alexifharma, cures leprosy, leucoderma, ulcers, tumors, piles, diseases of the spleen, liver and stomach; juice is anthelmintic and leucoderma, tumors, ascites, stomach diseases. The leaves are applied to paralyzed parts, painful joints, swellings; heal wounds A tincture obtained from the leaves is used as an antiperiodic for fever.[35-37] Inflammations, tumors, rat bites, good for ascites. Milk is bitter, warming, cleansing; laxative; fix piles. The bark of the root is diaphoretic; cures asthma and syphilis. Flower is sweet, bitter, antiparasitic, analgesic, astringent[18]
VIII. TOXICITY STUDIES
The plant is poisonous and one of the few plants that is not eaten by grazing animals. The latex extracted from the stem was traditionally used to make poison darts due to its toxicity. Latex is highly toxic to human eyes and causes sudden, painless blurring of vision and photophobia. Calotropis procera latex was investigated for its anti-inflammatory effects using pedal edema and airbag models of inflammation in rats. Subcutaneous injection of an aqueous solution of dry latex (DL) (0.1 ml 1%) into the sole of the foot caused significant inflammation. Phenylbutazone was found to be more effective than prednisolone in a pedal edema model, while mepyramine and cyproheptadine caused almost complete inhibition. On the other hand, in the airbag model, prednisolone was more effective than phenylbutazone in preventing inflammation. Thus, dry latex-induced inflammation in various models can be used to evaluate anti-inflammatory drugs [7]
IX. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am very happy for the complition of this project. I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my guide Miss. Ashwini Bhivsane Ma’am. Who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderfull project and have valuable guidelines and constant support with all necessary help in my work. I am also thankfull to all my teachers and collage staff who helped me to complete this project.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents who helped alot by encouraging me to finish this project in a given time. And the lastly, thanks to all my friends and those who directly or indirectly helped me during this project
The plant Calotropis gigantean is a plant with many medicinal principles and other economic values, with the following characteristics: a perennial shrub that spreads in tropical and subtropical regions up to 900 meters in height, grows in all types of soil and environmental conditions, and does not require cultivation practices Since the plant is rich in hydrocarbons, this plant needs further research from the point of view of energy conversion.
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Copyright © 2023 Gaykwad Anil Dadasaheb, Ashwini Bhivsane, Dr. Gajanan Sanap. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Paper Id : IJRASET57399
Publish Date : 2023-12-07
ISSN : 2321-9653
Publisher Name : IJRASET
DOI Link : Click Here