Secure Voting System Using Blockchain

Abstract

This paper presents a secure web-based voting system using blockchain technology to ensure transparency, integrity, and reliability in digital elections. The system is developed using the React.js, Node.js, Firebase, and Ethereum blockchain integrated through MetaMask and deployed on a test network using the Hardhat. Users authenticate via Gmail-based OTP verification and are allowed to cast votes through a user-friendly interface. To enhance security, the system captures the user’s facial image during vote submission and stores data securely on Firebase, while hashed records are maintained on the blockchain to ensure immutability. The system enforces a strict one-user-one-vote policy, preventing duplicate voting. An admin panel allows candidate management without revealing vote counts during the election process. Result is displayed graphically after voting concludes, and encrypted data can be exported for analysis. Additionally, a voice-assisted feature in Hindi improves accessibility for illiterate users, making it inclusive and efficient.

Introduction

The text discusses the limitations of traditional voting and e-voting systems, such as lack of transparency, risk of data tampering, cyberattacks, voter impersonation, and poor accessibility. These issues reduce trust in election processes and highlight the need for more secure and inclusive solutions.

To address these challenges, the paper proposes a blockchain-based voting system using Ethereum along with modern web technologies like React.js and Node.js. Blockchain ensures that votes are stored in a decentralized, immutable ledger, preventing alteration and enhancing transparency.

The system incorporates advanced security features such as OTP-based email authentication, real-time facial image capture to prevent impersonation, and a strict one-user-one-vote policy. It also ensures fairness by restricting administrators from viewing live results during voting. Additionally, accessibility is improved through features like voice assistance in Hindi, making the system usable for less literate users.

The literature review confirms that while blockchain improves security and integrity in voting, challenges like privacy, scalability, and usability still exist. Modern approaches combine blockchain with authentication methods (e.g., biometrics) to strengthen reliability.

Overall, the proposed system provides a secure, transparent, and user-friendly voting platform that enhances trust in elections while addressing the shortcomings of traditional and existing e-voting systems.

Conclusion

The proposed blockchain-based secure voting system successfully addresses the major limitations of traditional and electronic voting methods by ensuring transparency, security, and data integrity. The integration of OTP-based authentication, face capture verification, and blockchain technology effectively prevents unauthorized access, duplicate voting, and data tampering. The system also maintains fairness by restricting admin access to live vote counts and provides clear result visualization through graphical representation. Additionally, features such as hashed data storage and Hindi voice assistance enhance privacy and accessibility. Overall, the system demonstrates a reliable, user-friendly, and scalable solution for secure digital voting, making it suitable for real-world applications.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2026 Sohail Shaikh, Anas Chougle, Sidhantha Padhi, Piyush Gharat, Prof. Kirti Pawar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.