Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Building for Different Zone

Abstract

This study evaluates the seismic performance of a G+7 multistorey building under varying seismic conditions across India\'s designated seismic zones (II to V). A comparative structural analysis was conducted to assess key response parameters, including base shear, floor displacement, support reactions, and steel reinforcement requirements. The results clearly indicate that Zone-V imposes the most severe seismic demands on the structure. Specifically, the base shear in Zone-V is significantly higher than in other zones, with an increase of up to 72.2% over Zone-II. Similarly, maximum floor displacements, support reactions, and required steel quantities were observed to be highest in Zone-V, reflecting a direct correlation with the increasing seismic zone factor. The findings emphasize the critical importance of zone-specific seismic considerations in structural design, particularly in high-risk areas like Zone-V, to ensure safety, stability, and compliance with earthquake-resistant design standards.

Introduction

The study focuses on understanding the seismic behavior of multi-storey buildings, a critical area in civil engineering due to the devastating impacts of earthquakes globally. Traditional building designs accounted mainly for static loads, but seismic forces introduce complex dynamic effects that can threaten structural stability and safety. Earthquakes generate lateral forces causing additional stresses and potential collapse if not properly designed for. High-profile earthquakes worldwide have highlighted the need to incorporate seismic analysis into structural design, leading to updated codes such as India’s IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016, which mandates seismic design based on zone-specific risks.

A review of literature shows various studies analyzing multi-storey buildings using software like STAAD Pro and ETABS across different seismic zones (II to V) in India. These studies emphasize key structural responses such as base shear, bending moments, storey displacements, and reinforcement requirements. They demonstrate that seismic forces and material needs increase significantly in higher seismic zones. Additionally, factors like building slope, bracing systems, structural irregularities, and detailing influence seismic performance. Most studies confirm that proper seismic design and detailing are crucial to enhance ductility and prevent failure during earthquakes.

The present study analyzes a G+7 reinforced concrete building using STAAD Pro under seismic loads from zones II to V. Key parameters like base shear, storey displacement, support reactions, and steel reinforcement quantities are compared to assess seismic impact. Results indicate a clear increase in base shear and lateral displacements with higher seismic intensities, underscoring the need for tailored design strategies in different zones to ensure safety and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusion

1) The structure was analyzed under different seismic zones of India to assess the variation in structural response due to seismic loading. 2) The analysis revealed that base shear experienced by the building is highest in Seismic Zone-V when compared to Zones II, III, and IV. 3) Specifically, the base shear in Zone-V is higher by approximately 72.2%, 55.56%, and 33.33% when compared to Zone-II, Zone-III, and Zone-IV respectively. 4) In terms of floor displacements, Zone-V again exhibits the maximum displacement values among all zones, indicating a greater degree of structural movement during seismic events. 5) The maximum floor displacements in Zone-V exceed those in Zone-II, Zone-III, and Zone-IV by 39.79 mm, 30.77 mm, and 18.52 mm respectively. 6) The support reactions (forces at the base supports due to seismic loading) are also highest in Zone-V, reflecting the increased seismic demand in this region. 7) When evaluating the quantity of steel required, it was found that Zone-V requires more reinforcement steel compared to the other zones. Specifically, the steel quantity in Zone-V is higher by 53.84%, 13.89%, and 8.31% than in Zone-II, Zone-III, and Zone-IV respectively. 8) These findings clearly indicate that Zone-V is the most critical seismic zone for the considered G+7 structure, requiring greater attention in design for safety and performance. 9) The reason for this critical behavior is due to the higher seismic zone factor associated with Zone-V. A higher zone factor leads to greater seismic forces acting on the structure. 10) As a result, parameters such as base shear, floor displacements, support reactions, and steel quantity are directly influenced by the seismic zone factor—with significantly higher values observed in Zone-V compared to other zones.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Mr. Sachin Thengari , Mr. Laxmikant C. Tibude. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.