Analysis of Seismic Behaviour of RC Frame Structure with and without Bracing System

Abstract

RC Building In recent decades, the building industry has relied heavily on RC structures for the most practical content. Seismic design is primarily used to provide strength, stability, and adaptability. It is necessary to build a structure that can withstand seismic loads. The system\'s structural bracing component has a significant impact on how the structure behaves during earthquakes. Massive steel-framed buildings\' bracing patterns can alter how the worldwide seismic activity behaves. In this study, a G+11-story RC frame building with a varied bracing system arrangement is subjected to linear static analysis. The dimensions of the beam (450 x 600 mm), the columns (450 x 700 mm), the thickness of the slab (180 mm), the density of RCC (25 KN/m3), the density of the masonry (20 KN/m3), the thickness of the wall (230 mm), the height of the parapet wall (1 m), the height of each floor (3.2 m), the live load on a typical floor (4.0 KN/m2), and the live load seismic calculation (0.75) are some of the parameters used in this work. Bracings are compared using different section types, such as ISMB350 sections. Steel buildings are analysed using the Staad Pro software program, which compares several parameters. The section\'s properties are employed in accordance with IS: 456:2007 and IS 800:2007, which analysed several bracing types, such as X, V, and without bracing, and compare the performance of each frame using the linear static method. In this research, a G+11 with a square building plan measuring 20 m by 28 m, with 3.2 m for each level, is modelled. The structure is constructed using the linear static method in Staad Pro software, and an earthquake analysis of the structure is conducted in seismic zones III with medium soil conditions.

Introduction

Introduction

Earthquakes, a natural result of movements in the Earth's crust, can cause catastrophic damage, especially to buildings. During seismic events, inertial forces and high-frequency vibrations impact the structural integrity of buildings. The primary goal of seismic design is to strengthen, stabilize, and adapt structures to withstand these forces.

Bracing systems are vital in maintaining structural stability and dissipating seismic energy. Among these, eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) have proven effective in both resisting forces and absorbing energy.

2. Objective of the Study

• To compare structural behavior of buildings with different bracing systems (e.g., unbraced vs. inverted V-braced).

• To conduct Linear Static Analysis on steel structures.

• To evaluate seismic performance under various bracing configurations using software tools like STAAD Pro and ETABS.

3. Literature Review: Key Studies

A number of researchers have studied how different bracing systems affect seismic performance:

1. Jagdeesh Bommisetty et al. (2019)

   • Used SAP2000 for comparing braced vs. unbraced steel frames.

   • Found global bracing to be most effective in reducing storey displacement and drift.

2. K.M. Bajoria et al. (2012)

   • Studied the effect of various bracing patterns on high-rise steel buildings.

   • Diagonal bracing significantly reduced displacement (43%–60%) and time period (up to 65%).

3. K.S.K. Karthik Reddy

   • Analyzed a G+15 building with different bracing types.

   • Found lateral stiffness crucial to mitigate torsional effects under seismic loads.

4. Kartik Prashar & Jagdeep Singh Gahir (2018)

   • Evaluated diagonal, V, inverted V, and K bracing in zone V.

   • Bracing systems effectively reduced shear stress, bending moments, and storey drift.

5. Krishnaraj R. Chavan & H.S. Jadhav (2014)

   • Found that X-type bracing improves stiffness and reduces interstory drift in RC structures.

6. Ms. Deepika C. Hiwrale

   • Compared steel buildings with and without steel plate shear walls (SPSW).

   • SPSW significantly increased stiffness and reduced structural deflection.

7. Prof. Dhawale et al. (2016)

   • Analyzed various bracing configurations in G+15 residential buildings.

   • Found bracing systems reduced shear and flexure forces and increased lateral resistance.

4. Methodology

The project involves evaluating seismic responses of steel and RC structures using:

• Literature review on seismic loading effects.

• Modeling and Linear Static Analysis using STAAD Pro.

• Comparison of performance with and without bracing using metrics like:

  • Axial force

  • Story displacement

  • Bending moment

  • Story shear

Steps:

• Develop building plans (G+11 structure).

• Input loads (dead, live, seismic) per IS codes.

• Analyze using software tools.

• Interpret graphical results to assess performance.

5. Modeling and Parameters

• Type of Structure: RC Framed (with and without bracing)

• Floors: G+11

• Software: STAAD Pro and ETABS

• Bracing Material: Steel (ISMB sections)

• Seismic Zone: Zone III (Medium Soil)

• Parameters:

  • Damping: 5%

  • Zone Factor (Z): 0.24

  • Importance Factor (I): 1.5

  • Response Reduction Factor (R): 5

Conclusion

A. Shear Force 1) It can be observed that the top floor has a minimum shear force of 52.159 KN and the third floor has a maximum of 108.159 KN. Additionally, it was discovered that the shear force gradually grew from the base to the third floor, reduced from the fourth to the tenth storey, then increased in the eleventh and twelfth storeys without bracing. 2) It is evident that the top floor has a minimum shear force of 73.388 KN and the sixth floor has a maximum of 126.268 KN. Additionally, it was discovered that in an X-type bracing structure, the shear force gradually increased from the base to the sixth storey and gradually dropped from the seventh to the top storey. 3) It is evident that the base floor\'s maximum storey shear force is 180.00 KN, whereas the top floor\'s is 75.333 KN. Additionally, it was discovered that the shear force gradually dropped from the base to the fifth storey and increased in the seventh storey. Additionally, the shear force gradually declined in the V type bracing structure from the seventh level to the top storey. In general, the Model-III with V type bracing system had a maximum storey shear force of 180 KN, while the Model-I without bracing system had a minimum shear force of 52.159 KN. B. Absolute Displacement 1) It can be observed that the structure\'s 13th storey top has the largest absolute displacement, measuring 177.205 mm. Additionally, the displacement decreases in order as the structure\'s storey height decreases, while the base of the structure, which is devoid of bracing, has zero displacement. 2) It can be observed that the structure\'s 13th storey top has the largest absolute displacement, measuring 74.957 mm. Additionally, the displacement decreases in order as the structure\'s storey height decreases, whereas the base of the structure, which has an X-type bracing system, has zero displacement. 3) The structure\'s 13th storey top has the most absolute displacement, measuring 94.028 mm. The displacement decreases in order as the structure\'s storey height decreases, while the base of the V-type bracing structure has zero displacement. 4) As a whole. The Model-I without bracing structure has the most absolute displacement of 177.205 mm, while the Model-II with X type bracing structure has the smallest absolute displacement of 74.957 mm. 5) It indicates that when we raised the floor of the constructions, the displacement progressively grew as a result of the structure\'s growing forces.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Neelesh Soni, Prof. Anubhav Rai. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.