Smart Agriculture Monitoring System Using IOT

Abstract

Using wireless sensor networks, this Internet of Things (IOT)-based agricultural monitoring system gathers data from multiple sensors placed at different nodes and transmits it using IOT technology. The Arduino, which has a temperature sensor, moisture sensor, water level sensor, DHT11 sensor, water motor, buzzer, and node MCU, powers an Internet of Things-based smart farm system. The IOT-based agricultural monitoring system measures the moisture, humidity, and water levels when it first boots up. On the phone, it provides an SMS warning regarding the levels. Water level is sensed by sensors. The water pump is immediately started if it falls. The water motor activates if the temperature rises beyond the threshold. The buzzer we connected to the Arduino will activate the warning system if an animal enters the agricultural area. in order for the animal to go from the land. In India, agriculture is the primary source of income for people. It has a significant impact on the national economy. However, there are currently obstacles in agriculture as a result of rural-to-urban migration. Crop output can be increased by more than just keeping an eye on the environment. There aren\'t any elements that significantly reduce production. Therefore, in order to solve these issues, automation in agriculture must be used. an automated irrigation system, which helps farmers save time, money, and energy. Manual intervention is necessary when using traditional farm land irrigation techniques. Irrigation technology that is automated can reduce the need for human involvement. Continuous crop sensing and monitoring through the convergence of sensors and the Internet of Things (IOT) helps farmers stay informed about crop growth and harvest times, which in turn increases crop productivity and ensures that products are delivered to customers at the right time and location. Therefore, we use IOT-based smart agriculture techniques to solve this issue. Sensors including temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and rain detectors are used in this project to gather and process field data. To remotely manage and monitor sensor data, these sensors are Ease of Use.integrated with well-known web technologies in the form of a wireless sensor network

Introduction

Overview

Agriculture remains the primary income source for most Indians, but the sector has seen little improvement in crop yields over the past decade. Key challenges include falling crop rates, rising food prices, water waste, poor soil fertility, overuse of fertilizers, climate change, and disease. IoT (Internet of Things) combined with wireless sensor networks offers a promising solution through automation and data-driven decision-making.

IoT-Based Smart Irrigation

IoT enables the remote monitoring and control of farm systems. In smart irrigation:

• Sensors collect data on temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and crop health.

• Data is processed by Arduino-based sensor nodes and transmitted wirelessly.

• Automated irrigation systems use valve motors to manage water flow, minimizing waste and enhancing crop yield.

System Architecture and Functionality

• Each sensor node has a similar structure and is easily upgradeable.

• Nodes can work together or send data directly to a central system.

• A web-based interface allows farmers to monitor field conditions in real time from anywhere.

• System uses controlled power supply and is accessible via HTTP protocol.

Literature Review Highlights

• Sensor-based systems automate irrigation based on environmental data.

• Cloud computing enhances precision agriculture by improving resource efficiency.

• Research emphasizes real-time crop monitoring and timely notifications for farmers.

• There's a push for developing cost-effective, energy-efficient, user-friendly IoT systems tailored for Indian agriculture.

Web Interface & Output

• A website displays real-time environmental data like temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and rain detection.

• The system refreshes data every 10 seconds.

• Outputs include single-phase and three-phase motor control and various LCD display states (motor ON/OFF, environmental readings).

Results & Graphs

• The system presents data in graphical form:

  • Current and voltage levels

  • Temperature and humidity trends

  • Rainfall status

Conclusion

This study describes an IOT-based automated watering system. Together, cloud computing and the internet of things create a system that efficiently manages the agriculture industry. All environmental characteristics will be sensed by this system, which will then transmit the data to the user via the cloud. Using an actuator, the user will take controlling action in accordance with that. This resource enables the farmer to enhance cultivation in a manner that suits the needs of the plants. Higher crop yields, longer production times, improved quality, and a reduction in the need for protective chemicals are the results. Smart farming will benefit from IoT. The irrigation system can be tracked and managed by using the Internet of Things to forecast the soil\'s humidity and moisture content. IoT improves soil management, crop monitoring, water management, time efficiency, and pesticide and insecticide control, among other aspects of farming. Additionally, this approach reduces human labor, streamlines farming methods, and promotes intelligent farming.

References

[1] Rajalakshmi. P, Mrs. S. Devi Mahalakshmi “IOT Based Crop-Field Monitoring And Irrigation Automation” 10th International conference on Intelligent systems and control (ISCO), 7-8 Jan 2016 published in IEEE Xplore Nov 2016. [2] Prof. K. A. Patil And Prof N. R. Kale proposes “A Model For Smart Agriculture Using IOT” 2016 International Conference on Global Trends in signal Processing, Information Computing And Communication. [3] Dr. N. Suma, Sandra Rhea Samson, S. Saranya, G. Shanmugapriya, R. Subhashri „IOT Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring System? 2017 International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication. [4] Mahammad shareef Mekala, Dr.P.Viswanathan „A Survey: Smart agriculture IoT with cloud Computing ? 978-1-5386-1716-8/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE [5] Prathibha S R1, Anupama Hongal 2, Jyothi M P3? IOT BASED MONITORING SYSTEM IN SMART AGRICULTURE? 2017 International Conference on Recent Advances in Electronics and Communication Technology [6] Ibrahim Mat, Mohamed Rawidean Mohd Kassim, Ahmad Nizar Harun, Ismail Mat Yusoff “IOT in Precision Agriculture Applications Using Wireless Moisture Sensor Network” 2016 IEEE Conference on Open Systems (ICOS), October 10-12- 2016, Langkaw, Malaysia. [7] Zhaochan Li, JinlongWang, Russell Higgs, LiZhou WenbinYuan4 “Design of an Intelligent Management System for Agricultural Green houses based on the Internet of Things” IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC) 2017. [8] Asha, H. V., et al. \"Smart Agricultural Monitoring System Using Internet of Things.\" Emerging Research in Computing, Information, Communication and Applications, Springer, Singapore, 2019, pp. 473-482. [9] Dasgupta, Ajanta, et al. \"Smart irrigation: IOT-based irrigation monitoring system.\" Proceedings of International Ethical Hacking Conference 2018, Springer, Singapore, 2019. [10] Devan, P. Arun Mozhi, et al. \"IoT Based Water Usage Monitoring System Using LabVIEW.\" Smart Technologies and Innovation for a Sustainable Future. Springer, Cham, 2019, pp. 205-212. [11] Garg, Bhumika, et al. \"IoT based Smart Agriculture Monitoring System\", 2019.

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Dr. Sanjay N. Patil, Madhuri B. Jadhav. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.