Smart Boothless Toll Collection with RFID, ANPR Surveillance, and Speed Breaker-Based Energy Generation

Abstract

The automation of toll collection is a key problem in modern transportation systems due to increasing traffic congestion, fuel wastage, and dependency on manual or booth-based toll processing. Although FASTag systems improve speed and transparency, they still require physical scanning units and face failures due to unreadable tags or poor sensor contact. To overcome these challenges, this project proposes a Smart Boothless Toll Collection System that operates using RFID-based vehicle identification, Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) using YOLOv11 and EasyOCR, and energy harvesting through piezoelectric transducers embedded beneath a speed breaker. The system triggers toll processing automatically when a vehicle is detected using IR sensors, captures the number plate using a webcam, and processes it through ANPR for toll deduction. A Flask-based web dashboard logs and displays vehicle history, timestamps, and energy generated, while an RFID module serves as a backup validation mechanism. The result is an automated, energy-aware tolling solution designed for real-time use in Smart Highway infrastructure.

Introduction

The text describes the development of a Smart Boothless Toll Collection System, which replaces traditional toll booths with an AI-assisted, fully automated tolling infrastructure. Conventional methods, including FASTag-based RFID tolls, are limited by physical infrastructure and operator supervision, causing delays and inefficiencies.

The proposed system integrates vehicle detection sensors (IR/LDR), a webcam, YOLOv11-based ANPR, OCR, RFID backup, and a piezoelectric energy-harvesting module to detect vehicles, recognize number plates, deduct tolls automatically, and generate auxiliary power. Data is logged in Firebase or local storage, with real-time display on an LCD and web interface.

Methodology highlights:

• Vehicle detection triggers image capture and ANPR processing.

• YOLOv11 accurately localizes plates, while EasyOCR interprets text.

• RFID ensures redundancy in low-quality conditions.

• Piezoelectric modules harvest energy from vehicle pressure to power low-energy system components.

Results:

• The integrated system works as a seamless automated workflow, successfully detecting vehicles, reading number plates, displaying toll information, and logging data.

• YOLOv11 improved ANPR precision under varying conditions, and piezoelectric modules produced measurable voltage as a supplementary energy source.

The system demonstrates a scalable, efficient, and sustainable next-generation tolling solution suitable for Smart City highways.

References

[1] J. L. Gómez-Tornero, A. Gil-Martínez, A. Rabadán-Parra, D. Cañete-Rebenaque, V. Cavero-Herranz, and J. Rojo-Fernández, \"Smart Antenna System for Electronic Toll Collection with Vehicle Localization and Tracking using End Users\' Smartphones with BLE,\" IEEE Xplore, 2025. [Online]. [2] R. Raman and K. A. Karthiayani, \"Cloud-based Electronic Toll Collection: Enabling Contactless and Automated Payments System,\" Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC 2023), pp. 355–359, 2023. [Online]. [3] Varatharasan, A. S. Sharun, A. S. A, D. V. A, and M. T., \"Electricity Generation Using Speed Breaker,\" International Journal of Novel Research and Development (IJNRD), vol. 8, no. 5, pp. a77–a81, May 2023.[Online]. [4] S. Sarkar, M. Selvabharathi, D. Sarveswaran, M. Arun Raja, and A. Raju, \"Boothless Toll Collection System,\" 2024 International Conference on Power, Energy, Control and Transmission Systems (ICPECTS), pp. 1–8,2024.[Online]. [5] V.K. Yadav, Durgesh, S. Prajapati, and A. Porwal, \"Electric Power Generation through Speed Breakers,\" International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 7, no. 2, pp.49,2020.[Online]. [6] Swagata Sarkar et al. (2024) – Boothless Toll Collection System, IEEE ICPETS 2024 [7] Ramkumar G et al. (2024) – Smart RFID Toll Booth with AI and IoT, IEEE ICSES 2024 [8] Ramakrishnan Raman, Karthiayani A (2023) – Cloud-Based ETC System, IEEE I-SMAC 2023 [9] Gonzalo del Castillo-García et al. (2018) – Energy Harvesting from Vehicular Traffic Over Speed Bumps, ICE 201 [10] IARUSET (2020) – Electric Power Generation through Speed Breakers

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Prajwal H Jirole, Sanjana J Devnoor, Shubham , Sneha , Prof. Sara Anjum. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.