Smart Bus Arrival System

Abstract

An effective vehicle tracking system is designed and developed for monitoring the movement of any vehicle equipped from any place at any time. The designed system utilized a Smartphone and web application in conjunction with a microcontroller. This will be simple to create and cost-effective compared to others. The designed in-vehicle unit operates based on Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication / General Packet Radio Service (GSM/GPRS) technology that is one of the most popular methods for vehicle tracking. The GPS tracking module is integrated into a vehicle whose location is to be identified and monitored in real-time. A microcontroller is utilized to manage the GPS and GSM/GPRS modules. The vehicle tracking system utilizes the GPS module to obtain geographic coordinates at a set time interval. The GSM/GPRS module is utilized to send and update the vehicle location to a database. A Smartphone and web application is also implemented for real-time monitoring of the vehicle location. The Google Maps API is utilized to indicate the vehicle on the map in the Smartphone application. Therefore, users will be able to monitor a moving vehicle continuously on demand using the Smartphone application and calculate the estimated distance and time for the vehicle to reach a specified destination. In order to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the system, this report provides experimental results of the vehicle tracking system and some experience on practical implementations.

Introduction

The Smart Bus Arrival System addresses the lack of detailed, real-time information for bus travelers by providing an Android app and infrastructure that offers bus schedules, routes, current bus locations, estimated arrival times, and route maps. The system allows users to track buses live, reducing waiting times and uncertainty.

The methodology involves each bus equipped with a GPS module and an ESP32 microcontroller that processes and sends location data to a central server. This data is then displayed in real-time on dot matrix LED screens at bus stops, showing upcoming buses, routes, and arrival times. The system supports automated voice announcements inside and outside buses to assist all passengers, including those with hearing impairments.

Key components include GPS modules for precise location tracking, ESP32 microcontrollers for data processing and communication, and LED displays at stops for passenger information. The system improves scheduling, safety, and passenger convenience using IoT and wireless technologies.

The literature review highlights related research on low-power long-range tracking (LoRaWAN), GPS integration in public transit to enhance scheduling and reduce delays, and smart city technologies like energy-efficient street lighting controlled by sensors, emphasizing adaptive systems that optimize resource use.

Conclusion

GPS based bus tracking system is a client-side application based on the Android platform. The application is free and easy to install on the device. In the case where there is internet The system will be efficient. We have developed and tested a vehicle tracking system to track the exact location of moving or stationary vehicles in real time. This report describes the design and implementation of our vehicle tracking system specifically targeting buses. SMART bus tracking and timing system uses in-vehicle GPS/GSM/GPRS module, web server. And Android smartphone applications The vehicle\'s geographic coordinates and the vehicle\'s unique ID received from the vehicle device are recorded in a database table. And by creating a smartphone and web application to display vehicle location on Google Maps, we were able to experimentally demonstrate its effectiveness in locating vehicles anywhere, anytime. A vehicle\'s geographic coordinates and a vehicle’s unique ID obtained from an in-vehicle device are recorded in a database table. And a Smartphone and web application was created to display a vehicle location on Google maps. We were able to experimentally demonstrate its effective performance to track a vehicle’s location anytime from anywhere

References

[1] Mundada, K., Patti, S., Rajguru, T., Savji, P., & Shambharkar, S. “Smart Bus Real-Time Tracking System Using GSM and GPS Module.” ICT Infrastructure and Computing, 2023. [2] Prasad, G., & Ganesh, P. “Integration of GPS, lora, and ESP32 for Smart Bus Arrival Systems.” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 2021. [3] Gupta, P. “Challenges and Future Directions in Smart Bus Arrival Systems.” Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 2022. [4] Sharma, V., & Ali, M. “lora Technology for Long-Range Communication.” IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2019. [5] Zhao, C., & Rajput, R. “ESP32 for Data Processing and System Integration.” IEEE Access, 2020. [6] Liu, J., Zhang, H., & Wang, T. “Use of GPS in Public Transportation Systems.” Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2020.

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Saijyothi Subhash Bedar, Fariha Bashir Khan, Tilak Murugan Kannadiar, Tushar Zombade. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.