Fire is the most boundless reason for the unfortunatedeathinfluencesformanyoccupantseveryyear bycausingmany injuries and also anunprecedented increasein the death toll. Conventional fire detection systems have a tendency of being triggered by false positives. This causesfalse panic and tension in people head. In this paper, wediscussthedesignandimplementationofasmartfire detectionsystemalongwithWirelessSensorNetwork (WSN)andGlobalSystemforMobile(GSM) communication to detect fires effectively and inform them to the concerned authorities. The proposed system uses smoke, photo infrared and temperature sensors. The system tries tostopthespreadingofthefirebyusingasprinklersystem. WeproposetouseArduinoandGSMmodulealongwith threemainsensorsthatareSmokesensor,InfraredSensor andTemperatureSensor.ByusingGSMmodule,wewill send alert SMS to the owner of the site. The fire will bedetectedandsenttotheownerofthesiteandthisresultwill be very accurate, thus saving property and life for obvious reasons.Itwillalsotrytostopfireinbetweentheresponse byusing the sprinkler system. The main objectives of thisworkweretodesignasmartfiredetectionsystemthat reducesfalsepositivesusingaccurateandspeedysensors andnotonlydetectingbutalsoinformingthefireatthesite toconcernedpeople.Overall,mostofthesespecifications for the system were met.
Introduction
Objective:
The project aims to develop a smart fire detection system that:
Detects fires accurately, especially in high-risk environments like kitchens.
Reduces false positives (false alarms).
Notifies the owner and fire authorities immediately via GSM (calls and SMS).
Automatically activates a sprinkler system to control the fire.
Arduino UNO: Central controller that processes sensor data.
GSM Module (900A): Sends alerts via calls/SMS using 5G/6G.
Sprinklers: Triggered automatically if fire is confirmed.
SIM-enabled mobile module for communication.
???? How It Works (Process Flow):
System reads from IR sensor.
If heat is detected, it checks the temperature sensor.
If temperature is high, it checks the smoke sensor.
If all three indicate fire:
GSM module sends call and SMS to owner and fire department.
Sprinklers are activated to control the fire.
???? Software Design:
Arduino IDE is used to program the system.
The decision-making is based on step-wise logic: IR → Temp → Smoke.
The system ensures alerts are only triggered when multiple fire indicators are present, helping reduce false alarms.
???? Related Work (Literature Review):
Prior studies have used IoT, CNN (AI), and wireless sensor networks for fire detection.
However, many lacked practical implementation in complex environments like kitchens.
This system improves on those by focusing on sensor-based decision making and real-time GSM alerts.
? Results:
The prototype:
Successfully detects fires early.
Sends real-time alerts.
Activates sprinklers automatically.
Most system specifications were met, though hardware limitations (e.g., sensor calibration) affected full performance validation.
Conclusion
This smart fire detection system provides a cost-effective, responsive, and accurate solution for fire safety. It is especially useful in fire-prone areas like kitchens and commercial spaces. By using multiple sensors and GSM communication, it reduces false positives and enhances emergency response times, protecting both lives and property.
References
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