Smart Fire Detection System using IOT

Abstract

Fire is the most boundless reason for the unfortunatedeathinfluencesformanyoccupantseveryyear bycausingmany injuries and also anunprecedented increasein the death toll. Conventional fire detection systems have a tendency of being triggered by false positives. This causesfalse panic and tension in people head. In this paper, wediscussthedesignandimplementationofasmartfire detectionsystemalongwithWirelessSensorNetwork (WSN)andGlobalSystemforMobile(GSM) communication to detect fires effectively and inform them to the concerned authorities. The proposed system uses smoke, photo infrared and temperature sensors. The system tries tostopthespreadingofthefirebyusingasprinklersystem. WeproposetouseArduinoandGSMmodulealongwith threemainsensorsthatareSmokesensor,InfraredSensor andTemperatureSensor.ByusingGSMmodule,wewill send alert SMS to the owner of the site. The fire will bedetectedandsenttotheownerofthesiteandthisresultwill be very accurate, thus saving property and life for obvious reasons.Itwillalsotrytostopfireinbetweentheresponse byusing the sprinkler system. The main objectives of thisworkweretodesignasmartfiredetectionsystemthat reducesfalsepositivesusingaccurateandspeedysensors andnotonlydetectingbutalsoinformingthefireatthesite toconcernedpeople.Overall,mostofthesespecifications for the system were met.

Introduction

Objective:

The project aims to develop a smart fire detection system that:

• Detects fires accurately, especially in high-risk environments like kitchens.

• Reduces false positives (false alarms).

• Notifies the owner and fire authorities immediately via GSM (calls and SMS).

• Automatically activates a sprinkler system to control the fire.

???? System Overview:

• Sensors Used:

  • Infrared (IR) Photo Sensor: Detects heat radiation.

  • Temperature Sensor: Detects temperature rise.

  • Smoke Sensor: Detects smoke particles.

• Main Components:

  • Arduino UNO: Central controller that processes sensor data.

  • GSM Module (900A): Sends alerts via calls/SMS using 5G/6G.

  • Sprinklers: Triggered automatically if fire is confirmed.

  • SIM-enabled mobile module for communication.

???? How It Works (Process Flow):

1. System reads from IR sensor.

2. If heat is detected, it checks the temperature sensor.

3. If temperature is high, it checks the smoke sensor.

4. If all three indicate fire:

   • GSM module sends call and SMS to owner and fire department.

   • Sprinklers are activated to control the fire.

???? Software Design:

• Arduino IDE is used to program the system.

• The decision-making is based on step-wise logic: IR → Temp → Smoke.

• The system ensures alerts are only triggered when multiple fire indicators are present, helping reduce false alarms.

???? Related Work (Literature Review):

• Prior studies have used IoT, CNN (AI), and wireless sensor networks for fire detection.

• However, many lacked practical implementation in complex environments like kitchens.

• This system improves on those by focusing on sensor-based decision making and real-time GSM alerts.

? Results:

• The prototype:

  • Successfully detects fires early.

  • Sends real-time alerts.

  • Activates sprinklers automatically.

• Most system specifications were met, though hardware limitations (e.g., sensor calibration) affected full performance validation.

Conclusion

This smart fire detection system provides a cost-effective, responsive, and accurate solution for fire safety. It is especially useful in fire-prone areas like kitchens and commercial spaces. By using multiple sensors and GSM communication, it reduces false positives and enhances emergency response times, protecting both lives and property.

References

[1] FairfaxCountyFireandRescueDepartment,?SmokeAlarms obey the law, save your life,? 2003. [Online]. Available: www.fairfaxcounty.gov/fr/prevention/fmpublications/obeythelaw.pdf. [2] M.Ahrens,?FalseAlarmsandUnwantedActivationsfromU.S. Experience with Smoke Alarms and other Fire Detection/AlarmEquipment,?NationalFireProtection Association, Quincy, MA, November 2004 [3] TexasInstruments,?LM35PrecisionCentigradeTemperature Sensors,? Texas Instruments, Dallas, 201.A. Kumar and G. P. Hancke, ?An Energy-Efficient Smart Comfort Sensing System Based on the IEEE 1451 Standard for Green Buildings,? in IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 14, no.12,pp.4245-4252,Dec.2014. [4] T. M. Chiwewe, C. F. Mbuya and G. P. Hancke, ?Using CognitiveRadioforInterference-ResistantIndustrialWireless Sensor Networks: An Overview,? IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 11, no. 6, pp.1466-1481,Dec.2015. [5] A. M. Abu-Mahfouz and G. P. Hancke, ?ns-2 extension to simulate localization system in wireless sensor networks,? IEEE AFRICON 2011, Livingstone, 2011, pp. 1-7. S. Chinnapen- Rimer and G.P. Hancke, ?Actor coordination using infogap decision theory in wireless sensor and actor networks? Inderscience International Journal of Sensor Networks, vol. 10, no.4,pp.177–191,October2011.DigiInternational,?Product Manual v1. Ex - 802.15.4 [6] Protocol,?2009.H.Soliman,K.SudanandA.Mishra,?A smart forest-fire early detection sensory system: Another approachofutilizingwireless sensor andneural networks,? Sensors, 2010 IEEE, pp. 1900-1904, 2010. [7] HanweiElectronicsCoLtd,?TechnicalDataMQ-2Gas Sensor,? Hanwei Electronics Co Ltd, 2012.

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Ankesh Kumar, Kartik Sharma. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.