Smart Green House IoT Framework for Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

One notable application of the Internet of Things (IoT) is greenhouse farming, which has revolutionized agriculture by bringing conventional methods into a new era of intelligent, technologically driven solutions. Food shortages brought on by rapid population expansion, climate change, and environmental pollution can be addressed sustainably with IoT-based greenhouses, which automate vital processes like plant monitoring, climate control, irrigation, and resource management. An IoT-based network framework for greenhouse farming optimization is proposed in this paper, which also provides a thorough analysis of IoT devices, sensors, applications, and communication protocols. In order to increase productivity, it looks at smart farming methods, mobile-based greenhouse management, and the fusion of edge and cloud computing.Future approaches for addressing these obstacles are provided by the research, which also examines difficulties like resource allocation, system integration, and security concerns. The study also provides statistical analyses from top agricultural countries and showcases worldwide success stories to set standards for IoT-enabled greenhouse farming. In addition, it presents platforms, topologies, and network architectures; it also presents a taxonomy for farm administration and possible security risks. This effort supports the standardization and worldwide acceptance of IoT-based greenhouses by tackling unresolved problems and promoting sustainable practices, providing a roadmap for more intelligent and effective agriculture.

Introduction

With rising challenges such as population growth, climate change, industrialization, and diminishing arable land, there's an urgent need for efficient and sustainable food production. Traditional greenhouse farming, dating back to 19th-century France and the Netherlands, is no longer sufficient. A promising solution lies in IoT-enabled smart greenhouses, which automate environmental monitoring and management using advanced technologies.

Smart Greenhouses: Features and Technologies

• IoT & ICT Integration: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) collect real-time data on key variables like temperature, humidity, soil moisture, light, and pH levels.

• Communication Protocols: Technologies like Zigbee, LoRa, MQTT, and Wi-Fi transmit sensor data to cloud platforms or local servers.

• Machine Learning & AI: Used to analyze data, detect patterns, make predictions, and automate control systems (e.g., climate control, irrigation).

• Cloud Platforms: Enable remote monitoring, mobile access, and historical data tracking for efficient decision-making.

Literature Review Highlights

• Research explores enabling technologies, IoT architecture, AI applications, and automation frameworks (e.g., iGrow).

• Studies demonstrate robust IoT sensor deployment, communication stability, and the benefits of AI for predictive analysis and early disease detection.

System Workflow

1. Sensor Deployment: Monitors environmental variables.

2. Data Transmission: Sends data to the cloud or a central processor.

3. Data Analysis: Machine learning algorithms process data for actionable insights.

4. Automation: Manages lighting, temperature, irrigation.

5. Cloud Integration: Allows real-time, remote system access.

6. Feedback Loop: Continuously optimizes operations based on historical and real-time data.

Results & Benefits

IoT-based smart greenhouses significantly outperform traditional greenhouses:

• Water savings: 50–70%

• Energy savings: 30–40%

• Crop yield increase: 20–30%

• Labor cost reduction: 30–50%

• Pesticide usage reduction: Up to 40%

• Carbon footprint reduction: 20–30%

These results underline the framework's ability to promote sustainable agriculture while improving productivity and efficiency.

Technology Comparison Table

Conclusion

To sum up, the Smart Greenhouse framework, which is based on the Internet of Things, provides a revolutionary approach to contemporary agriculture by maximizing resource utilization, enhancing output, and encouraging sustainability. Through the integration of sensors, data analytics, and cloud technologies, it offers automated control and real-time monitoring of important environmental parameters. This increases agricultural yields, lowers operating costs, and makes efficient use of water, energy, and nutrients. Crop productivity and health are further improved by the system\'s capacity for problem prediction and prevention. In contrast to conventional greenhouses, Internet of Things-based technologies offer a more reliable, effective, and environmentally responsible method. Intelligent farming has reached a new level thanks to IoT-powered greenhouses as agriculture shifts to more sustainable methods. In addition to helping farmers, this framework also lessens the negative environmental effects of farming. After all, it\'s a significant step toward a more efficient and sustainable agricultural future.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Ms. Bhavana K N, Mr. Ashish L. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.