Smart IoT-Based Electric Vehicle Monitoring System

Abstract

The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) and web technologies has enabled the development of intelligent systems for real-time monitoring and data management. This project presents a Smart IoT-Based Electric Vehicle Monitoring System that integrates embedded hardware components with a robust backend software architecture for efficient system operation and remote accessibility. The hardware implementation consists of a microcontroller-based platform (NodeMCU/ESP8266 or Arduino UNO) interfaced with components such as a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, relay modules, DC motor, cooling fan, and GPS module. These components work together to continuously collect real-time environmental and battery-related parameters, ensuring accurate monitoring of the system without involving any control mechanisms.

Introduction

The text describes a Smart IoT-Based Electric Vehicle Monitoring System designed to enable real-time monitoring and management of electric vehicle parameters using IoT and web technologies. The system uses hardware components like Arduino UNO or NodeMCU ESP8266, along with sensors such as DHT11 for temperature and humidity, voltage sensors, and an LCD display to continuously collect and show vehicle data.

The main goal is to solve limitations in traditional monitoring systems, which lack real-time tracking, require manual checking, and do not provide centralized data management. These issues lead to inefficiency, delayed fault detection, and poor energy management.

The proposed system follows a three-layer architecture:

• Hardware layer: collects sensor data and controls devices like fans and motors.
• Communication layer: sends data to the server using Wi-Fi and REST APIs.
• Application layer: built using Spring Boot, which processes data, manages APIs, and handles storage and business logic.

The system is divided into modules including sensor collection, processing and control, communication, user/admin management, and backend database handling. The NodeMCU reads real-time data and sends it to the backend, where it is stored and processed for monitoring.

Overall, the system integrates IoT hardware with a scalable Spring Boot backend to provide an automated, efficient, and cost-effective solution for real-time electric vehicle monitoring, reducing manual intervention and improving accuracy and reliability.

Conclusion

The Smart IoT-Based Electric Vechile Monitoring System provides an efficient solution for real-time monitoring and automatic device control using IoT technology. By integrating hardware components with a Java Spring Boot backend, the system ensures reliable communication, accurate data processing, and reduced manual effort. The system reduces manual effort and enhances battery safety by enabling continuous monitoring and early detection of abnormal conditions. It is cost-effective, scalable, and suitable for modern electric vehicle applications, with future scope for enhancements such as cloud integration, mobile application support, and advanced data analytics.

References

[1] A. Bhaga and V. Madisetti, Internet of Things: A Hands-On Approach, Universities Press, 2015. [2] D. Hanes, G. Salgueiro, P. Grossetete, R. Barton, and J. Henry, IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases, Cisco Press, 2017. [3] O. Hersent, D. Boswarthick, and O. Elloumi, The Internet of Things: Key Applications and Protocols, Wiley, 2012. [4] A. S. Tanenbaum and D. J. Wetherall, Computer Networks, 5th ed., Prentice Hall, 2011. [5] R. T. Fielding, “Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-Based Software Architectures,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Irvine, 2000. [6] Spring, “Spring Boot Reference Documentation,” Available: https://spring.io/projects/spring-boot [7] Espressif Systems, “ESP8266EX Datasheet,” 2020. [8] Arduino, “Arduino Documentation,” Available: https://www.arduino.cc [9] Aosong Electronics, “DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor Datasheet,” 2018. [10] R. S. Pressman and B. R. Maxim, Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 8th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2015. [11] I. Sommerville, Software Engineering, 10th ed., Pearson, 2016. [12] E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson, and J. Vlissides, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, Addison-Wesley, 1994. [13] M. Fowler, Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture, Addison-Wesley, 2002. [14] G. Booch, J. Rumbaugh, and I. Jacobson, The Unified Modeling Language User Guide, Addison-Wesley, 1999. [15] H. F. Korth, A. Silberschatz, and S. Sudarshan, Database System Concepts, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2011. [16] R. Elmasri and S. B. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, 7th ed., Pearson, 2016. [17] D. Comer, Internetworking with TCP/IP, Prentice Hall, 2006. [18] J. Postel, “Transmission Control Protocol,” RFC 793, 1981. [19] Fielding et al., “Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.1,” RFC 2616, 1999. [20] K. Ashton, “That ‘Internet of Things’ Thing,” RFID Journal, 2009.

Copyright

Copyright © 2026 Chodavarapu Venkata Sai Jaganadha Swatesh, Angara Murali , Chelluboina Shalini , Kamana Dileep Sai Teja , Naga Sai Vallika , Pindi Aswini , Yatham S. S. Vara Prasad , Srikanth Sambana. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.